Alisher Navoi: Biography ah tiradaasi aad u fiican

Waxaa jira halyeeyo badan oo ku saabsan Abwaan caansan dunida ee ku, oo magiciisa la odhan Alisher Navoi. Uu Biography waxaa ka buuxa sheekooyin kala duwan, laakiin waxaan isku dayi doonaa si ay u kala diraan oo ka soo caddeeyo qaar ka mid ah sheekada naftiisa.

ku dhashay ee Abwaan weyn

Navoi waxa uu ku dhashay magaalada qadiimiga ah ee Herat (hadda Afghanistan.) Ee 1441, at dhalashada magiciisa christened Nizamiddin Mir Alisher. Taariikhyahanadu ayaa weli ma iman si ay opinion sax ah oo ay aqoonsiga qaranka, qaarkood waxay rumaysan Barlas ama Chagatai, kale - Usbakis ama Uighur. Laakiin kaliya in la yidhaahdo in asal ahaan waxa iska leh dadka Turkic. Tani waa caddaynta, marka lagu daro aayaadka uu saaxiib dhow Abdurahmana Dzhami (oo uu dhigayaa "in kastoo aan ahaa reer Faaris iyo wuxuu Turk, waxaan ahaayeen saaxiibadii ugu wanaagsanaa"), uu qoraalladiisa gaarka ah, taas oo uu ku qoray in dadka isaga u gaar ah - Turk ah. Intii lagu guda jiray jeer Soviet, Alisher Navoi waxaa loola dhaqmaa sida Abwaan Usbakis iyo fekeraya.

sidaas qoyska

qoyska gabayaa ee ahaa mid aad u qani ah, aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa sarkaal caan ah barxaddii ka Timurid iyo adeerkiis - gabayaa. Sidaa aawadeed, laga soo bilaabo yaraantooda Alisher Navoi (kuwaas oo Biography waxay la xiriirtaa maamulka dadweynaha), uu ku qoray gabayo ku saabsan mawduucyo kala duwan. Iyada oo 1466 on 1469 sano Abwaan dhallinyarada ku nooleyd iyo bartay in Samarkand, baray in muddo ah in lagu barto diinta iyo taageeray Abwaan kasta gaysashada ama cilmiga.

Alisher Navoi: Biography

tiradaasi Great iska Amarka Sufi ee aaminka ah (Naqshbandi), kuwaas oo diidnay nolosha adduunyo (Fanny - impermanence nolosha) oo sidaas daraaddeed marnaba heli qoysaska. Sida qof ka mid ah Order Quduuska ah, Alisher Navoi (kuwaas oo gabayo sidoo kale qeexi xaaladda this, tusaale ahaan, "Lisunov ut-tayir") la aaminsan yahay in uu jiro kaliya hal jacaylka - Eebe, sidaas darteed ma uu xiiseynayo in haweenka iyo guurka.

Abwaan weynaydna waxaa loo dhisay ayaa dayrka la mid ah la kids qabiil Timurid. Iyadoo Hussein Baykara (kuwaas oo markii dambe u noqday taliyaha gobolka Khuraasaan) Navoi lahaa saaxiibtinimada dhow socday nolosha oo dhan. Oo sabab ah in Alisher Navoi (uu Biography u xuub bedelay iyadoo ay sabab u go'aankan) ku soo laabtay ka Samarkand in hooyo Herat, u adeegay sidii dabaaldega ahaa saaxiibkiis Hussein. In 1469, ka dib markii soo laabtay gabayaa, taliyaha Hussein Baykara ballamay daabacaadda curator gobolka Khuraasaan sare.

naftiisa, Alisher Navoi, alma waa khuseyso in maalinta, waxay u adeegeen gobolka, ku qoray wajiyo badan gabayada iyo in ay bixiyaan gargaar wax Gabayaana oo dhan, qorayaal, fannaaniin iyo muusikalayda oo dhan. In taariikhda Central Asia, waxa uu soo xusuustay sida bilaabaha weyn ee dhismaha madrasooyinka badan, isbitaalada, iyo xataa maktabadaha.

Shuqullada Alisher Navoi

Inta badan shuqulladiisa Abwaan weyn oo fekeraya, ku qoray luuqada Chagatai, qaadashada magaca stage Alisher Navoi ah (in Usbakis macnaheedu yahay "tuneful, melodious"). Isaga oo gabay ugu horeysay ee uu ka qoray 15 jir. Abwaan saamayn qoto dheer ku saabsan horumarinta luqadda suugaanta, kaalin qiimo in horumar ah ee lahjad qaab-dhismeedka chagatay ah, iyo ka dib luqadda Usbakis ah.

Sidaa darteed Heritage Cultural ku jira in ka badan 3000 oo gogo 'kala duwan oo isugu darey sifayn. Waxaa laga yaabaa in mid ka mid ah shuqulladii ugu caansan ee Abwaan waa "Pyateritsa", taas oo ka kooban 5 dastans. "Layla iyo Majnun", "Farhad iyo Shirin", "Wareer kaliya" - tani waa gabayo ugu akhriyo Alishera Navoi.

Alisher Navoi: gabayada ee Ruush

Qaar badan oo shuqullada Abwaan qoran luqadda reer Faaris iyo Chagatai lagu turjumay Ruush. Mid ka mid ah gabayo ugu caansan - "Laba ghazals frisky uu .." - turjumay Abwaan Soviet Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in Alisher Navoi beeniyay jacayl iyo dareen kale haweenka, waxa uu sidoo kale ku qoray gabay ah oo aad u erya. iyaga ka mid ah - "Habeenkii murug aan Dahay dunida oo dhan ka tirtiri kari waayeen ..." "Mar walba naftayda u ooyaa, ku dhowaad yeelin iyada xun ..." "Sida xun qiiq taahid dal, fiiri ..!" iyo kuwa kale.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qoraaga sidoo kale dhibaatooyinka bulsho iyo falsafada ( "Bezdolny ku labisan calal ...", "Buuxin khamri iyo fiidkii iyo qorrax ka soo baxa ..." "All bixin, naftaada diiday ..." iyo wixii la mid ah. D.)

Waxa intaa dheer in gabayo lyrical, Abwaan abuuray iyo treatises taariikhiga ah, kaas oo kuu sharaxaya nolosha tirada halyeeyga ah dhaqanka. Tusaale ahaan, "Pyateritsa kuwa is-hoosaysiiya" waxaa ka go'an in ay macallinkiisa iyo saaxiibkiisa Abdurakhman Jami.

Marka ay dhamaato ee mustaqbalkiisa farshaxanka Alisher Navoi qoray laba gabay falsafada, ku tilmaamay fikradaha uu ku saabsan gobolka ku haboon. Mid ka mid ah gabay - "Codka Shimbiraha", ama sida waxa loo yaqaan, "The Baarlamaanka Shimbiribii: Semurg" - waa isku keenaha ee uu shaqada, khuseeya maldahnaa dayayso oo dhan u taliya, jaahil, kuwaas oo aan ogahay mabaadii'da qaab-dhismeedka dawladda. Kulli shuqulladii Alishera Navoi waxaa ka buuxa macnaha iyo focus on noocyo kala duwan oo mowduucyadooda ay ka mid jacayl siyaasadda iyo si loo horumariyo nolosha bulshada ka mid ah yaroow caadiga ah.

siyaasadda

Waa in la ogaadaa laga yaabaa in Alisher Navoi lahaa views deeqsi on waxyaalo badan. Tusaale ahaan, wuxuu had iyo jeer ka soo horjeeda shuruucda kalidii Dr Makumbe, si cad u cambaareeyay saraakiisha intay laaluush qaateen, iyo sidoo kale isku dayayaan si ay u ilaaliyaan danaha fasalka saboolka ah. In 1472 Navoi heshay horyaalka Amiirka (noqdo vizier ee gobolka), xooggiisa uu u adeegsaday si loo hagaajiyo nolosha dadka saboolka ah. Inkastoo uu saaxiibtinimo la taliyaha iyo saraakiil kale oo caan ah, Alisher Navoi weli waxaa loo musaafuriyay taliye ee gobolka Khuraasaan, Bayqara aag kale oo uu mucaaradka warka badan si embezzlers iyo laaluush-galaysa. In Astrabad ayuu hadalkiisa raaciyay qorshihiisa si loo horumariyo nolosha bulshada iyo dadweynaha ka mid ah dadka.

Alisher Navoi kaalin weyn ma aha oo kaliya in ay horumarinta nidaamka dawliga ah, waxa uu saamayn wayn ku yeelan horumar ah ee luqadda Usbakis ah. shuqulladiisa lagu yaqaan dalalka Bariga badan (Uzbekistan, Iran, Turkey iyo kuwa kale dalal Central Asian.). Abwaan weyn ku dhintay guriga, in Herat ee 1501.