Albrecht Durer: Biography iyo shaqada. Shaqeeyaa by Albrehta Dyurera: liiska

A. Dürer (1471-1528) - artist weyn Jarmal, iyo in sano ee la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa iyo theorist tahay. Uu Biography iyo shaqo si dhow lala Renaissance ah. Works by Albrehta Dyurera oo maanta soo jiidan connoisseurs badan oo farshaxanka. Ma doonaysaa in aad wax dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan ogayn? Life iyo shaqada Albrehta Dyurera soo bandhigay in this article.

CV

Aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa hooyo a of Hungary, lacagtume. Albrecht ugu horeysay la aabbihiis ka dibna bartay Michael Wohlgemuth, rinjiile iyo wax xardha ka Nuremberg. 1490-1494 - "Years of Xajka", loo baahan yahay si ay u helaan horyaalka ee sayidkiisa. Albrecht waqti this ku yaal magaalooyinka reer Rhine ee Upper (Strasbourg, Colmar, Basel). Halkan wuxuu galay goobada of madbacadaha kitaabka iyo humanists. Waxaa la og yahay in Dürer jeclaan lahaa in la hagaajiyo in xardho on biraha M. Shogauera ee Colmar, laakiinse sooma ay helin isagoo nool. Albrecht ka dibna wuxuu bilaabay inuu wax ku baran shuqullada sayidkiisa this, hadalka iyo wiilashiisii, oo isna sidoo kale fanaaniinta in.

In 1494 wuxuu ku Nuremberg Albrecht Dürer soo laabtay. Biography iyo shaqeeyaan waxaa la ogaadaa waqtiga dhacdooyinka muhiimka ah. ka dibna waxa lagu qabtay guurka si Agnes Frey, iyo sidoo kale furitaanka uu studio u gaar ah. Muddo ka dib, Albrecht go'aansaday inuu safar cusub, waqti this xulashada Italy waqooyi. Oo wuxuu u kacay Padua iyo Venice ee 1494-95, siday u kala horreeyaan. In Venice, Dürer safray, iyo in 1505, uu halkaas joogay ilaa iyo 1507. Albrecht yiqiin la Maximilian Emperor aan loola jeedaa 1512. Sida muuqata, waqti isku mid ah, Dürer bilaabay in ay ka shaqeeyaan isaga, ilaa uu ka dhinto Maximilian ee, kaas oo ka dhacay 1519 waxaa si fiican u yaqaan in Albert sidoo kale booqday Netherlands. In muddo ah ka 1520 si ay u 1521, uu u safray magaalo sida Brussels, Antwerp, Ghent, Bruges, Malines, iyo kuwa kale.

abuurka Durer

Albrecht Dürer, Biography iyo hal-abuur ah oo ku beeganto u kaca ee Renaissance Jarmal ah, oo aan iska joogi karo ka-rogga uu waqti. Waxa ay ahayd adag, muddo inta badan disharmonious. Dabeecaddiisa tagay ay calaamaddu ku saabsan cayn kasta oo ah farshaxanka. nooleenta ee shuqullada Albrecht ururayaa ee asalnimada iyo qaninimada dhaqanka of art Jarmal. Waxay isu muujin qaab characters dyurerovskih ka fog quruxda marka laga eego aragtida classical. Intaa waxaa dheer, sayidkii jecel yahay kala, bixisaa si faahfaahsan shaqsi dareenka weyn. Muhiimad weyn u Albrecht waa at xiriir waqti isku mid ah la farshaxanka Italy. Hal-abuurka Albrehta Dyurera sheegay in uu isku dayay in la fahmo qarsoon oo ay si kaamil ah iyo wada noolaanshaha. Dürer waa wakiilka keliya ee Northern Renaissance ah, taas oo ah wajiyo badan iyo jihada oo xiiso leh, waxay doonayaan waa in la fahmo sharciyada tahay, si ay u abuuraan Joogaba, kaamil ah tiradaasi aadanaha la gelin karaa on par a la sayid weyn ee Renaissance Talyaaniga.

sawiro

Hal-abuurka Albrehta Dyurera kala duwan. Waxa uu hibo sida a draftsman, wax xardha iyo rinjiile. Isla mar ahaantaana ah xardho iyo sawir isaga qaadataa mararka qaar xitaa keentay door. In ka badan 900 kulan shabaqa dhaxalka leeyahay Dürer-rinjiile. Sida laga soo xigtay kala duwan iyo waasicinnay waxaa ka mid ah la barbar dhigi karaa oo keliya shuqullada Leonardo da Vinci. Sida muuqata, rinjiyeynta ah qayb ka mid ah nolol maalmeedka sayidkiisii ahaa. Dürer dhammaataan baasana dhan farsamooyinka graphic of time - laga bilaabo dhuxusha, watercolor, qalin inay qalinka bakoorad Talyaani iyo pin lacag ah. Sida ee sayid Talyaani, sawirka waxa uu noqday marxalad muhiim ah oo compositing Durer ah. Heerkan waxa ka mid cilmibaarista, Dakatu madaxda, lugaha, gacmaha, daahyada.

Waayo, sawir Durer ahaa qalab uu ku bartay noocyada sifo - fashionistas Nuremberg, marwooyin iyo sidoo kale-gashan iyo yaroow. Caan ka shaqeeya Albrehta Dyurera - ". Gabal yar oo cows" Watercolor Masters "Hare" (sawirka) iyo Waxay ka samaysan yihiin la askartii qabow iyo xoojinta sida in ay noqon kartaa sawirada loogu talagalay codes sayniska.

taxane ah oo Bbc

shaqada ugu horreysa ee la taaban karo ee sayidkiisa waa taxane ah oo Bbc ee 1494-95 sano. hawlahaas of Albrehta Dyurera toogasho ku watercolor iyo gouache intii uu safarka ay Italy. Waxay waxaa si taxadar leh isku dheeli tiran, oo sideeda oo loogu talagalay qorshaha da'ayeen habsami leh talantaalli ah midba midka kale. hawlahaas of Albrehta Dyurera ah kuwa ugu horeeya ee taariikhda fanka Bbc Yurub "daahir ah".

"Christmas", "Sujuud of maydku", "Aadan iyo Xaawo"

niyadda siman oo cad, damaca qoraaga si dheeli-habboonaanta of laxanka iyo qaababka - kuwani waa sifooyinka caan ku tahay by Durer ka goor dambe oo qarnigii 15aad in bilowgii tobanka sano ee labaad ee qarnigii 16aad. Tani waa meesha allabariga ee "Christmas", ka dhigay ku dhawaad 1498, oo la xiriira shaqada 1504 "Sujuud ah sixir," taas oo Dürer isu keentaa koox ka kooban saddex maydku iyo Madonna shiiska siman, laxanka wareeg ah deji oo ujeedada ay xafiiltamaan, dhowr jeer in decoration ee naqshadda. In ka 1500s mid ka mid ah mawduucyada ugu waaweyn ee hal-abuurka Albrecht noqonayaa rabitaan ah in la helo tirada ugu fiican ee jirka aadanaha. Oo wuxuu doondoontaa qarsoodigooda, barbaro qaawan dumar ah iyo tirooyin lab. Ogow in ay tahay ugu horeysay ee Germany, Albrecht waxay bilaabeen inay bartaan qaawan ah. baaritaanka waxay ka kooban 1504 xardho a "Aadan iyo Xaawo", iyo sidoo kale in hirgelinta ku saabsan 1507 diptych muuqaal dabiici ah eponymous waaweyn.

"Sujuud Saddexmidnimada" iyo "Ciidda imisaa ah"

The shaqada ugu adag, harmonically amar ku darey sawiro ka noocyo kala duwan oo tirooyinka toogasho ah ee sano ee maturity hal abuur Albrecht Dürer. shuqullada caan ah oo uu ka mid aasaasay 1506 "Celebration of kuul", in 1511 - "Sujuud ee Trinity Quduuska ah." "Ciidda imisaa ah" waa mid ka mid ah shuqulladii weyn by Dürer (161.5 x 192 cm). Intaa waxaa dheer, waa mid ka mid ah qaababka ugu waaweyn laxniga. Shaqo u dhow farshaxanka ee sayid Talyaani, ma aha oo kaliya ujeeddo kasta, laakiin sidoo kale ay koboca polnozvuchiem midabeeyo ogaaaday ee images (inta badan Wehbe), walxuhu hoganaya ah, ballaadhkiisuna wuxuu ahaa qoraal ah. Sawirka cinwaan looga dhigay "Sujuud Saddexmidnimada", oo ka dhigan meesha allabariga shaqo oo yar, isla marka- jiibta in resonate la meel allabari dhamaystirka cusubi isku daro sabayn in Malaa'igta samada Aabbayaashow iyo ciidanka oo quduus ah. qaabkani u ekaan ah "Khilaafaadka" by Raphael.

Wehbe hore

Aan Wehbe adag tahay in la qiyaaso shaqada Albrehta Dyurera. Sawirtaa isaga ku sifayn this yihiin tiro badan oo aad u xiiso badan. Albrecht horeba waa in shaqada hore, la sameeyaa oo ku saabsan 1499 (sawirka of Oswald Krell) bandhigaysaa sayidkii aasaasay. Waxa uu si fiican u xambaarsanyahay, model tamarta hoose, aqonsado ee qof. aqonsado ee Albrehta Dyurera been in xaqiiqda ah in is-sawirka waa hoggaamiye ee muddada hore ee uu shaqada sawirka. Back ee 1484 wuxuu abuuray pin a barbaro lacag ah, soo bandhigay horaantii this article. Halkan Albrecht gaysteen ilmaha 13-sano jir ah. Horeba wakhtigaas gacanta Durer keentay riixdaan in ay is-aqoon, kaas oo la sii horumariyo saddexdii hore uu farshaxankiisa-Wehbe. Waxaan ka hadleynaa shaqada 1493 ee 1498 iyo 1500 ee. In shaqada dambe (photo kor ku xusan waxaa lagu matalay) waxay muujinaysaa Albrecht adag xagga hore. Duniyooyinka gadhka yar oo timo dheer wejigiisu xaq ina xusuusinaysaa image Masiixa Pantocrator.

xaradhka

Hal-abuurka Albrehta Dyurera (1471-1528) waa xiiso leh in in uu ka soo qaadeen daabacayaa siman si fiican on copper iyo qori on. Albrecht jeestay xardho ka dib markii Schongauer, mid ka mid ah farshaxanka waaweyn. In shuqullada Dürer ahaa hadal ah oo aan nasan, ruuxa baaxaa uu dabeecadda hal abuur leh, iyo sidoo kale isku dhacyada moral riwaayado in isaga welwelsan tahay. Marka la barbardhigo fiiqan in shuqullada picturesque hore cad oo xawaal ee odayga waxa uu noqday baaxad weyn oo taxane ugu horeysay graphic, kaas oo ka kooban 15 xaradhka on theme ee apocalypse. shuqullada Kuwan waxaa fuliyay geed Albrecht abuuray 1498. xaradhka Durer in ay ka sii badan intii farshaxankiisa, wuxuu ku salaysan yahay dhaqan Jarmal. Waxay u muuqdaan in xoogga angular, dhaqdhaqaaqa fiiqan, images overexpression Habsami u socdeen warar, khadadka breaking degdeg ah iyo laalaabka. image ee xardho ka Fortune copperplate "nabdoonaan", oo la xiriira hore 1500 ee., Ma qof garab. print Tani waa mid ka mid ah shuqulladii fiican by Dürer.

"Life of Virgin ah", "Xaraaradda Great" iyo "Xaraaradda Small"

. In wareegga "Life of Mary" ee graphic, abuuray oo ku saabsan 1502-05 sano, xiisaha qoraaga caanka ah ee faahfaahinta ku sifayn ah, iyo sidoo kale tiro badan oo faahfaahin - qoreysa caadiga ah ee dhaqan tahay Jarmal. taxanahan graphic waa niyadda ugu cad iyo is dajiyaan. Laba hamiday kale oo gooni loo sooco Masiixa, lagu gartaa hadal wayn. Waxaa la sameeyey geed "Xaraaradda Great" (oo ku saabsan 1498-1510 GG.), Sidoo kale laba taxane ah xaradhka on copper "Xaraaradda Small" (sano abuurka - 1507-13 iyo 1509-11). hawlahaas by Dürer ahaa ugu dhex saffarro uu caanka ah.

Triptych 1513-1514 GG.

Xardho 1513 "Knight, Geeri iyo Devil ah", iyo sidoo kale laba shuqullada 1514 ( "Hieronymus in cell" iyo "nyad") ka ciyaaraan door muhiim ah ka ah dhaxalka Albrecht ah. Waxay sameeyaan nooc ka mid ah triptych. hawlahaas ku dileen la khiyaano sayidkiisa Iduna Park. Waxaa loo kala sooci by a fiirsashada maldahan dhif iyo conciseness. Sida muuqata, Dürer ma uuraysatay si ay u abuuraan hal wareeg. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, shaqada isku daraa saameynta moral iyo falsafada, mid aad u adag (fasiraadda waxaa ka mid ah sooco oo shaqo badan maanta). Sida muuqata, khuseeya "Buugga hubka Christian" ee E. Rotterdam waxaa uu ku dhiiraday by image ee qoraaga da'da dhexe hubka daran, kuwaas oo u guurayaan gool aan la garanayn, iyadoo aan loo eegin Devil ah, ka dib markii gurtay Cidhibtiisa, iyo sidoo kale hanjabaado dil ah. Warrior la soo bandhigay ka dhanka ah muuqaal dhagax duurjoogta ah. Waxaa mar walba ma fududa in Arkaa shaqada Albrehta Dyurera. Kooban khuseeya la iibiyay waxaa muhiim u ah fahamka ee image hubka.

Saint Jerome (sawirka), u baxay oo dhan cilmiga sayniska, waa shakhsiyaynta nolosha u fiirsasho iyo da`dooda ka ruuxiga ah. The Walbahaar baalal leh haybad, Hawiyaha ee uu afkaar, bandhigay loogana hortegi ee raso qasan ee characters waqtiga dhakhso durduri iyo Sciences, qalabka ganacsiga ah.

Waxa caadi ahaan lagu fasiraa sida shakhsiyaynta ruuxa aadanaha baaxaa hal abuur leh. Ogow in humanists Renaissance helay dadka qaba dabeecad Walbahaar ah, "jaceeylka rabbaani ah" hanad, Thuram oo ah hal-abuurka. Sidaa darteed, waxaan dhihi karaa in gudahood arrimuhu guud waa hal-abuurka, iyo Albrehta Dyurera. Oo si kooban sifaha uu shaqada ka dib.

shuqullada ka dib

Dürer ka dib 1514 shaqeeyay barxaddii Maximilian I (bandhigay sarreeyo sawirka, by Albrecht sameeyey). Inta lagu jiro wakhtigan sameeyaa amar badan oo si rasmi ah Albrecht Dürer. Works abuuray by, waxay u baahan yihiin wax badan oo xirfad, laakiin mar-Cunidda ugu iyaga ka mid ah waxaa la rinji lithography, sameeyo 192 loox. Shaqadan waxaa loo yaqaan "halka of Maximilian I". Waxaa la soo saaray by shaqada, Durer, kooxo badan oo farshaxan mooyee. Ka dib markii safar Netherlands, lagu sameeyey 1520-21 sano., From Albrecht bilaabay a Suu cusub hal abuur leh. Wakhtigan, Koox ka mid ah Dakatu carcarara. Intaa waxaa dheer, tiro ka mid ah ganaax Wehbe graphic buuxsantay saarka Albrehta Dyurera. iyaga Qor sida soo socota: sameeyey 1520 oo leh dhuxusha , "Erazm Rotterdamsky", sidoo kale shaqo ee 1521, "Lucas van Leyden" (sameeyey qalin lacag ah), "Agnes Dürer", abuurka oo loo isticmaalo ul bir ah, iyo kuwa kale.

Sawirrada ee 1520s ah

Sawirka ee 1520s uu noqdo nooca ugu weyn ee shuqullada Dürer. Wakhtigan, image abuuray xardho ku copper humanists caan ah oo uu waqti Albrecht Dürer. Major shaqeeya sida soo socota: in 1526 - sawirka Filippa Melanhtona, in 1524 - Willibald Pirkheyma ee 1526 - Erasmus. rinjiyeynta ayaa u muuqda in 1521 "sawirka of Man Young a" ee 1524 - "sawirka of Man a," in 1526 - "Jerome Holtsshuer" oo camal kale. Shuqulladan yar yihiin kala duwanaayeen Halabuurka jariiradu, si kaamil ah classical, shiiska qabtay. Waxay yihiin contours dushaan adag beret maro jilicsan weyn ama koofiyadaha tuubo sida waji-. Xaruntu waxay compositional shuqullo kuwan - wajiga, taas oo ku dhow-up, si ay u abuuraan a gudubka khiyaano iftiinka iyo hooska. In ra'yi ah oo kali ah la geran karo wajiga, indhihiisa indhaha kala furan, in dulmari yar geesba ku dhoola ama bushimaha bar-furan, dhabanno shaxanka iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa waji kaduudid ah firfircoon ka arki kartaa raad nolosha ruuxiga ah aad u daran. Fur Albrecht in saffarro uu dulqaad noqdo baaxad wayn leh diptych ah "Afar Rasuullada" (hoos ku sawiran), sayidkayga la soo dhaafay ah farshaxankiisa (1525). Waxaa lagu qoray, waayo, Nuremberg Dürer Hall. Bandhigidda tirooyinka weyn wax wacdiyi jiray Mark, rasuulladii Paul, Butros, iyo Yooxanaa, oo wakiil ka, sida ay contemporaries u tara, 4 dabeecado.

shaqada afka baarkiisa, qiimaha hal-abuurka

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, nolosha Albrecht ayaa daabacay shaqada teori: hanuun on qiyaaso taliye oo u wareegtaan (ee 1525), si loo xoojiyo qalcado, qalcado iyo magaalooyin wax (ee 1527), iyo in 1528 la daabacay shuqul "Afar buugaag ku saabsan Joogaba aadanaha." Albrecht Dürer, hal abuurka iyo qaddar ee taas oo aanu ka fikiray, idlaadeen ee Nuremberg April 6, 1528

Dürer si xoog leh u saameeyay horumarinta dhan tahay Jarmal ee qeybtii hore ee qarnigii 16-aad. Uu xaradhka iyo Italy guulo weyn - xataa iyaga soo saaray been abuur ah. fanaaniin badan oo Talyaani ah ayaa la kulmay saameynta ay shaqada, oo ay ku jiraan Pordenone iyo Pontormo.