Aadka u habaynta gal laami iyo hoos u thicknesses daahan.

Aadka u habaynta gal laami iyo hoos u thicknesses daahan.

Isticmaalka gal laami polymer-modified sare ee daahan (TOFMS) yarayn karaa dhumucda lakabka daahan halka dayactirka ama aad iyo aad u waxqabadka layers awood badan oo laami la blaastiigga caadiga ah xataa gaadiidka aad u culus. Natiijooyinkaasi waxay yimaadeen Xarunta Qaranka ee Asphalt Technology (NCAT) ka dib baaritaanka.

Wareegga afaraad ee cilmi-baarista (2009-2012), ay fuliyeen wadada imtixaanka NCAT in Opelika, Alabama, United States, waxay muujinaysaa in qaybaha geesoolayaasha tijaabo dhigay laami ku saleysan HDI qoto dheer RUT on celceliska 1/3 ka yar ee qeybta ay gacanta ku wadada (dhumucdiisuna waxay daaha ka dhacay qeybta ay gacanta ku waa 18% ka sarreeya in tijaabo ah). qeybta la VMPS ah laami ku salaysan iyo qeybta gacanta ah ayaa la siiyey daahan a, macmalay in mid ka mid ah habka wax soo saarka Superave [1].

Natiijada baaritaanka waxaa lagu daabacay in shirka ku saabsan kala duwan (28-29 Febraayo 2012) Hotel ee University Auburn iyo Dixon Xarunta Shirarka, Auburn, Alabama.

Fursadaha Research qub

track imtixaanka NCAT waxaa la dhisay sanadkii 2000. Oo dhererkeedu wuxuu - 2.7 km, qaabka wadada - ellipse ah. Ujeedada wadada - imtixaanka dedejinta ku saabsan qeybaha kala duwan ee 60 mitir, taas oo ay ula socdaan Duugga ah ee nolosha adeeg oo dhan waxaa qaabeeyey 2 sano. goobaha Test ogolaan injineerada iyo cilmi ah inay ku qiyaasto, rikoorka iyo falanqaynta dareen diidmo ah si ay u dedaan xamuulka waaweyn si ay u horumariyaan blaastiigga ku ool ah oo wax ku ool ah.

Sirqoollada waxaa la siiyaa waxbarashada kafaala sida Maamulka Road Federaalka (FHWA), iyo waaxaha dawladda ee gaadiidka shirkadaha gaarka loo leeyahay isku baaritaan ku dahaaran wadada on wareeg kasta. Dhismaha, hawlgalka iyo cilmi goobta waxa maalgelisay dadaalka wadajirka ah ee hay'adaha iyo shirkadaha gaarka loo leeyahay, kuwaasoo mid walba uu u qabata barnaamijka cilmi-baarista gaar ah.

shayga of wareegga cilmi dhawaan steel dhismaha iyo daahan dusha. Diyaarinta waxbarasho waxaa ka mid ah dib u dhiska ama vosstanovlenie17 qaybaha wadada (wadarta ah 46). Mid iyaga ka mid ahaa goobta N7 on kaas oo laami la saaray saleysan HDI, technology horumartay by qaybta sponsor ah Polymers Performance Kraton shirkadda.

Muddada wareegga kasta waxbarasho - saddex sano. Inta lagu jiro wakhtigan, suurto gal ah in la dhiso ama dib u dhiska goobaha, si ay u kiciyaan muddo laba sano ah, socodka gaadiidka xamuulka, falanqaynta xogta iyo diyaariyo warbixino. meelaha Currently goobta qorsheeyay taxane shanaad ee waxbarashada kaas oo lagu kala dhantaashay doonaa aan la isticmaalin (Spring 2012) iyo dhismaha cusub (xagaaga dambe 2012). dhaqdhaqaaqa Start ee qubka la qorsheeyay in ay qabtaan ee August 2012.

stress xad-dhaaf ah, baaritaano daran

mataalada waa lagu barnaamijka soo socda: geesoolayaasha codsatay in qeybaha 10 million oo u dhiganta wareegyada ee 8.2 m xisaabiyaa load axial (ESAL) ilaa 2 sano. Baabuurta shaqeeyaan dhaqdhaqaaqa laba gelinba. Tani 8-dhidibka baabuur 70-ton la isjiidka oo qabtaan dhaqdhaqaaq joogto ah maalin kasta ka 5.00 si 23.00. Mid kasta oo ka mid ah shantii baabuur marayay oo ku saabsan 1100 km maalintii.

Si hadaba loogu sahlo baaritaanka goobta ka helay Accessories kala duwan: thermistors rakibay moolka dheer kala duwan ee sallaxa ah laami oo ku xiran saldhigga hawada si toos ah goobta. data Tani waxay ka caawisaa si ay u qiimeeyaan xaaladaha qalliinka ee xarun kasta oo ku soo. Reaction si ay u daboosho load la qiyaasi la cabirrada cadaadis iyo dareemayaal cadaadis lagu rakibay moolkeeda qaarkood. network Wireless rakibay oo dhan track ah, waxay bixisaa xog-xawaaraha sare in server ugu weyn.

Toddobaad kasta jeegaga NCAT isticmaalaya profiler ah ama latago la iskaanka laser dual qiyaaso eeg qalab: roughness qiyaasay jidka kasta wheel, makrotekstura xaq track Jidka wheel oo giraangir kastana on bareeg imtixaan kasta. Oo qaaday tallaabooyin kale, farqiga cufnaanta aan burbur iyo qaybaha profile. Kasta oo imtixaanka todobaadkii saameyn ku dhacaan miisaanka deflectometer iyo, iyo sidoo kale Khariidadeynta dusha arrinkaas. Bishiiba mar, imtixaanada khilaaf ku sameeyay (iyadoo la isticmaalayo diiwaan-khilaaf size-full). Imtixaanka ku daacadnimada iyo permeability waxaa la qabtaa hal mar afar meelood meel. Sampling ee go'aaminta seal lakabka daahan kasta waxaa sidoo kale ka dhigay quarter kasta.

Si loo fududeeyo Electricity xiriirk ka dhexeeya oo xuduudaheedu ee shaybaarka iyo duurka, shaqaalaha NCAT doorteen qayb weyn oo ey isku warshad lagu jiro dhismaha goobta imtixaanka kasta oo markii danbe loo isticmaalo soo saaridda ee isku dar ah ee shaybaarka baaritaanka shaybaarka. Tusaale ahaan, isku dar ah ee lakabka salka uu ku xiran yahay in load a imtixaanka daal (baarka ulaha) iyo load antiphase. isku dar ah ee lakabka sare waxaa lagu tijaabiyaa si loo ogaado modulus u firfircoon, analyzer imtixaanka flowability sallaxa ah laami iyo knurled wheel-unit xisaabinta iska caabin ah si ay calaamadaha lahayo joogto ah. Dhismo for lakabka sare sidoo kale la kulmaan imtixaanka superposition for calaamadaha lahayo iyo ratio tamarta siligga gurguurta. Waxaas oo dhan oo noo ogolaadaa in ay go'aan ka iman kara ee isku dar ah in arrinkaas.

Study of koobin dhismaha

In wareegga afaraad ee baaritaanka ka mid ah NCAT sirqoollada cilmi ballaaran (kafaala sii cilmi bilowday horaantii), goobaha cilmi baarista la blaastiigga of daryaa cusub, cilmiga dhismaha. Dib u dhiska iyo dayactirka 17 goobo lagu soo gabagabeeyey August 2009, qandaraaslaha by natiijada tartanka magacaabay. Ka mid ah, kuwaas oo lix goobaha ay la loogu talagalay baaritaanka dhismaha ah, qabanqaabisay Waaxda Gaadiidka oo ka mid ah lix dalalka. ka mid ah qaybta shirkadda Kraton ah. Dahaadhada la sameeyey on technology qaybaha Superpave isku laami kulul. oo dhumucdiisuna waxay daaha imtixaanka dhismaha kala duwanaayeen ka 175 mm ilaa 140 mm (qaybta Company Kraton) in qaybaha 225 mm (kuwaas oo in ka badan 150 mm - mid ah waxyaabaha salka iyo cufnaanta sare substrate adag). shinida oo dhan, loo isticmaalo dib u dhiska ah ee daahan ku jira 0.5% daro protivozadirochnoy.

daahan The on qayb ka mid ah Kraton (N7) la sameeyo iyadoo la isticmaalayo TOFMS, dhumucda lakabka - 140 mm. gal wuxuu ka kooban yahay 7.5% modified styrenic styrene-butadiene (SBS) polymer. qaybtii ay gacanta ku leeyahay oo dhumucdiisuna waxay a of 175 mm, ugu sareeya labo lakab lagu sameeyo 3% SBS-polymer.

maamulka Federaalka by wadada Xaqiijiyay faa'iidooyinka ah wax ka bedelidii polymer

Galalka, polymers modified, sida acetate Woodward ee SBS, waxaa helo isticmaalka sii kordhaya ee soo saaridda ee culus (warbixin maamulka Federaalka ee jidadka waawayn). Warbixinta farsamo ee September 2010. [2] Maamulka baaqaday in gal ah modified badan yahay laastikada oo uu leeyahay sifooyin sare qallafsanaan (nafwaayay) at heerkulka hoose iyo kuwiinna sare, taas oo inta badan la kulmaan sooca ah ee tayo sare fasalka galalka laami Superpave [3] . caddaymaha Kuwan waxaa ku xidhan xaaladaha deegaanka iyo wadada shay gaar ah. galalka polymer modified waa guud ahaan loo kala saaraa oo waxaa loo isticmaalaa in kiisaska kuwa marka index ka PG (fasalka heerkulka hooseeyo + fasalka heerkulka sare) ka weyn yahay 90 (tusaale ahaan., PG 70-22).

Dheeraad ah, warbixinta ayaa muujinaysa faa'iidooyinka isticmaalka polymers ah "In galalka saafi xoogaa qaali ah isku laami, galalka polymer modified in keegag kulul siiyaan sifooyinka kordhay cad - rutting yar, daal arrinkaas hoos, hoos u qoslaan sarkhaansan yihiin heerkulka, - gaar ahaan in a xamuulka sare iyo cimilada adag. Iyada oo ku xidhan sifooyinka qiimaha iyo waxqabadka gaar ah si meesha gaar ah (i.e., xaaladaha juquraafi), qiimaha ku salaysan isku dhiska ee meertada cementitious polymer-modified noqon kartaa si weyn uga yar qiimaha isku la gal ah unmodified. "

Warbixinta ayaa sidoo kale sheegay in waayo-aragnimo ah ee hawlgalka blaastiigga sida waa ay wanaagsan tahay, iyo in, tan iyo markii ay Bedelay fiican ka, iyada oo la raacayo horumarinta technology.

Ka gudbitaanka xadka rogay polymers oo yeynan Laamiyo laami khafiif ah

Company Kraton Performance Polymers DGVC horumariyo technology si loo hagaajiyo xoogga daahan iyo caabiga rutting, godadka iyo qoslaan halka yareynta dhumucda daahan.

Waayo, tijaabooyin field of alaabta this ee shirkadda soo saaray heshiis NCAT si ay u dhisaan lakabka daahan 140 mm qaro weyn degaanka ee wareegga daraasadda N7 2009-2012.

content ee polymer SBS-modified (7.5%) loo isticmaalaa in ka kooban of gal yahay 1.5-2 jeer lacagta caadiga ah ee polymer loo isticmaalo beddelka gal ah.

Haddii cadadka polymer in gal kor ku xusan heerka this, ku nafwaayay ee gal kordho si isku dar wuxuu noqonayaa mid aad u adag in ay soo saaraan oo ay aad u adag tahay in la dhigay on shayga. Company horumariyo D0243 Kraton SBS-polymer, oo lagu qasi karaa gal laami qadarka of 7.5% iyo wixii ka sareeya, iyada oo aan sii kordhaya nafwaayay ee gal ah.

Horumarinta polymer cusub waa in la sii wado shaqada si wadajir ah ula shaybaarka injineernimada khubaro gaadiidka bilaabay sanadkii 2004 by Cilmi-at Delft University of Technology (Netherlands), jaamacadda ugu weyn oo ugu da'da weyn gobolka farsamo. Ujeedada ugu weyn ee cilmi saaray soo socda: si aad u ogaato haddii ay macquul tahay in la kordhiyo nolosha adeeg ee lakabyada salka dhulka sallaxa ah oo isticmaalaya SBS-modified iyo / ama in la yareeyo dhumucda sallaxa ah laami ah.

Hababka cilmi - imtixaanka shaybaarka laami ah daal iyo qallafsanaan laabaya afar dhibcood, imtixaan adag siligga farsamo iyo riixo. Waxaan qiimeeyo noocyada kala duwan ee polymer (SBS) iyo caddad kala duwan. imtixaanada Daal muujisay in isbedel la taaban karo ee guryaha ee isku laami badan oo SBS-polymer loo baahan yahay. Iyadoo la raacayo, shayga of heerka ugu dambeeya ee imtixaanka bilaabay galalka content SBS of 6% iyo 7.5%.

imtixaanka farsamo adag ee isku laami tusay hagaagtay isku qaab, SBS yinka marka la barbar dhigo xeryahooda unmodified. Natiijada ayaa sidoo kale muujisay qaar ka mid ah kala duwanaanshaha in faafinta halligaadda (ururtay deformations karin), waayo, blaastiigga ku salaysan gal dib u habaynta iyo unmodified. Xitaa daaha khafiif ah daahan (150 mm) oo burbur ah laami SBS-modified diiwaan geliyay mugga waa 4 jeer ka yar lakabka 250 mm ah laami unmodified ah. Unmodified, oo awood badan, daahan ku tusay 4.5 jeer lahayo ku dheeraad ah oo kagaara badan daahan dhuuban ee laami ah modified.

Dhismaha N7 qeybta, la suulaan gacanta marka la barbar dhigo

daahan The on goobta imtixaanka qeybta N7 ayaa la dhisay ka 3 layers of isku dar ah kulul (Sanduuqa 1). lakabka magaceed salka (55 mm) iyo lakabka dhexe (55 mm) ayaa been ka dar ah ee qayb ka ballaciisu yahay ee dhagax adag 19 mm. topsheet The (30 mm) ka dar ah ee dhagax adag (9.5 mm) ka dhigay. Dhammaan saddex lakab oo isku dar ah oo ku saleysan gal modified la content a of 7,5% SBS. Dejinteedu dar, compaction, iyo xuduudaheedu kale la mid ah qayb gacanta (kala kaliya waa in wax gal iyo lakabka dhumucda) waa.

Daahan gobolka ay gacanta ku S9 leeyahay oo dhumucdiisuna waxay a total of 175 mm oo ka kooban saddex lakab - salka 75 mm, lakabka dhexe ee 70 mm iyo lakabka sare ee 30 mm (Jaantuska 2). layers sare iyo kuwa dhexe waxaa laga sameeyay isku dar ah oo isticmaalaya gal a modified leh 3% SBS. On goobaha baaritaanka iyo gacanta isku dar ah SUPERPAVE diyaariyey by habka of [1] oo isticmaalaya qalab la mid ah, laakiin caymiska aagga N7 18% khafiif ahayn goob ay gacanta ku S9, gal ah loo isticmaalo - HiMA halkii PG 76-22 (loo isticmaalo in goob ay gacanta) . Labada goobood oo la dhisay on shiraac ah u adag.

Result: track at qoto dheer

imtixaanada Gaadiidka goobta ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey in September 2011, markii load yahay 10 million. jeedidda u dhiganta ku riixdaan ee xisaabiyaa waxaa lagu sameeyaa. shaqaalaha NCAT ayaa baaritaan cilmiga khabiir iyo xogta la ururiyey. At shir bishii February 2012, in lagu daro macluumaad kale oo la soo bandhigay warbixin ku saabsan dhaawac celceliska on wheel jidka rogid ah (qiyaaso Education):

- qayb control a lahayo ku dhumucdiisuna S9 dahaarka of 175 mm ahaa 7.1 mm. On qayb N7 (HiMA) dahaarka leh oo dhumucdiisuna waxay 144 RUT mm qoto dheer ahaa 2.2 mm.

- Location Map arrinkaas at N7 shaaca ka qaaday jab ma dahaadhka ah. Falanqaynta qaybiyay NCAT ku salaysan xogta dhabta ah iyo load xisaabinta ku saleysan cabbir, iyo sidoo kale tijaabooyinka, daal xad dulqaadasho sida sedjibeke, ayaa muujisay in xoog daal waa qayb daahan N7 ayaa si hagaagtay. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, sifooyinka daahan noqon kartaa khayr badan goob ay gacanta ku, oo ay ku jiraan booska iyo faafinta dildilaaca daal ka hooseysa.

Repair ee qaybta waxyeello isku dar ah oo ku salaysan HiMA

Awoodda si loo yareeyo dhumucda cover laami ah, iyada oo la hubinayo waxqabadka sare - mid ka mid ah faa'iidooyinka gal HiMA, ayaa waxaa la ogaaday on qayb ku xiga ee goobta imtixaanka.

Goob The waa N8, kaas oo la maalgaliyo by the Department of Transportation ee Oklahoma, ku burburay intii lagu jiray marxaladda cilmi 2009-2012 ah. Waxa aan ahaa dhaawac ugu horeysay, diiwaan goobta.

Dhammaadka wareegga ah ee waxbarashada ee 2006-2009. aagga la xusay arrinkaas daal ballaaran. Ugu site dhismaha N8 qandaraasle dhigay dhumucdiisuna daahan of 250 mm in ay 1.2 m ee Xuubabkoodu tayo liita, kuwaas oo ka soo jirridda adag in qaybta ay gacanta ku khilaafeen.

On dhismaha Department of Transportation ee Oklahoma weydiiyay NCAT sida nooc ka mid ah caleen gaar ciidda, astaamaha ciidda la mid ah ee Oklahoma, caan ku ah awoodda dhalista hooseeyo isticmaalo. daahan ayaa la burburiyey iyo qaybtii burburay ayaa waxaa cusboonaysiiyey: 125 mm go'ay lakabka sare, meel ka mid ah oo la saaray isku dar ah ee Halabuurka la mid ah. lakabka dib loo sidoo kale burburay, markan keliya 8 bilood ah wareegga cilmi 2009-2012. In this qaybaha tijaabo 6 iyo 4 goobaha qashin qubka arrinkaas si gaar ah maalgaliyo loo aqoonsaday.

Ka dib markii maamulka goobta dib-u-jab NCAT xusay waxqabadka wanaagsan ee aagga deriska la ah ee N7 hawlgalka iyo isticmaalka la soo jeediyey ee goobta dayactirka N8 isku dar ah ku salaysan gal HiMA, kaas oo baari lahaa dhaqanka on goobta dhaawacan.

Wakiilada Waaxda Gaadiidka Oklahoma isku raacay in la codsado isku dar ah goobta N7, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waayo, lakabka salka, isku dar ah ee qayb ka ballaciisu yahay ee 9.5 mm (Halabuurka la mid ah sidiisa walxo ee lakabka sare, laakiin a 55 mm qaro weyn). In dib u dhiska ah ee 145 mm gooyay blaastiigga burburay, qiyaastii 105 mm oo waxaa hadhay lakabka saldhig ay waxyeello. Markaas 145 mm la dhigay ku saleysan isku dar ah cusub HiMA.

Ka dib markii dusha sare waa baabuur cusub oo mar kale ka eryay iyada oo loo marayo qaybta cusboonaysiiyey reer N8 qeybta, iyo qalabka NCAT bilowday haddana qoro xogta on goob tijaabo.

Bishii September 2011, markii load gaadiidka ka badan 4 wareegyada waxaa go'an qoto dheer qaybta lahayo ku N8 at 2.7 mm. In la barbardhigo si toos ah loo arki karaa in ka dib markii track hore iyo dildilaaca dayactir weyn sameeyay ka dib markii 4 Mill. Jeedidda load axial u dhigma, halka ka dib codsi of a dayactir HiMA gal dildilaaca No, eeg yar ka dib markii 5.7 Mill. Wareegyada load axial Equivalent . Waaxda Gaadiidka sii wadi doonaa in Oklahoma maal this site lagu jiro wareegga ee 2012-2014. socodka sifooyinka hawl dahaadhka ah.

gunaanad

Waxaa lagu muujiyay in isticmaalka miisaanka modified gal sare polymer kelli in isku dar laami ah yaraynaysaa dhumucda daahan xitaa ka yar xamuulka xad-dhaaf ah. doonistii Tani bixiyo sifooyinka mid u dhigma ama ka wanaagsan yahay kuwa daryaa unmodified diyaariyey in wax la mid ah oo size a walxaha la midka ah.

daahan tijaabo ah isku dar ah kulul la polymer HiMA 2 sano gudahood sakhiray in xamuulka gaadiidka culus la raacayo shuruudaha imtixaanka, iyo inta lagu jiro waqtigan lagu arkay in ka yar 1/3 heerka cadaadis ku awood badan lakabka daahan go'an a on qaybta gacanta.

HiMA polymer ayaa waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa in dhismaha oo dhumucdiisuna waxay daaha hoos u hagaajinno qaybtii burburay ee tijaabada ah. Waxa kale oo jiray ku calaamadsan eeg qoto dheer ka yar ka badan goob ay gacanta ku.

U fiican post-imtixaanka iyo xaqiiqda ah in meelaha la dhisay la isticmaalayo polymer HiMA, wakhtiga la joogo ma aha go'an dildilaac, waxa na siinayaa rajo in technology cusub dhaafi doono dhaqanka ah, oo ay ku jiraan, in dhinaca of faafinta crack daal ka hooseysa ilaa.

Qodobka: aadka u habaynta gal laami iyo hoos u thicknesses daahan.

Apkalimov Denis, LLC "EPC" Rotor "