Wrangel Island Nature Reserve, meesha on map of Russia, cimilada, meel. Fauna iyo flora ee Wrangel Island

Maanta dalka Wrangel aannu yeelan doono. jasiiradda Tani waa mid aad u xiiso badan. Waxaa raadsadey socotada Ruush, iyo furay British ah oo Jarmal ah. Markaas jasiirad cidla ahaa "tufaax ah ku waswaasiyo shaydaan" ee u dhexeeya Midowga Soofiyeeti iyo Maraykanka. dhulka waxaa ku hareereysan halyeeyada. Waxaa jira xitaa opinion in mid ka mid ah deegaanada ku Gulag khiyaanadu waxaa halkan ku yaal. Laakiin xitaa iyada oo aan dalkii xerada cadaadis waxa uu ahaa dilaaga ah in ay aadanuhu. Waxaa jira ma aha mid kala horjeeda dhintay. Maanta jasiiradda ay sii yaabiyo saynisyahano la ikhtiraac cusub cajiib ah. Sida jasiiradda waxaa la sameeyay, waxa halkaas gargaarka, cimilada, dhirta iyo ugaarta - eeg article this.

Wrangel Island on map-ka

Tani waa meel caddaalad ah oo waaweyn ee dalka. Its aagga ku saabsan yahay toddoba iyo badh kun oo kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran, iyo inta badan waxaa ka mid ah waxaa lagu daboolay by buuraha. Jasiiradda waxa uu ku yaalaa Badweynta Arctic ah. Xitaa meel fudud juqraafi ee dalka Wrangel horeba been ay la aqonsado. Waa lagu qaybsanyahay u dhexeeya labada weyn oo biyo ah ee badda, xadka dabiiciga ah ee u dhexeeya badaha Chukchi iyo Bariga Siberian. Oo Wrangel Island maraa isgoyska u dhexeeya bariga iyo barka Western of dhulkeenna. Mid ka mid ah boqol iyo suusho eightieth, waxa loogu yeero "Taariikhda Line" qaybiyaa degaanka ee dalka qeybo ka mid dhowaad siman. On xeebta waqooyi ee Chukotka, jasiiradda laga soocay ugu yaraan 140 kiiloomitir oo biyo ah - Long Strait. Tan iyo 1976, dalkan loo sheegay reserve dabiiciga ah. degan ee la soo dhaafay ku dhinteen sanadkii 2003. Tan iyo markaas, waxaa ku nool saynisyahano kala horjeeda oo kaliya. Maamul ahaan jasiiradda iska leh Degmada Chukotka Banaan (District Iultinsky).

History of daahfurka

Iyada oo kalsoonida waxaan dhihi karaa in dalka Wrangel ugu horeysay helay Paleo-Eskimo. Sidee si ay u caddeeyaan ka excavations qaddiimiga ah ku qaadeen dibicyo yidhaahdo Ibliis, dadka halkan si aad xerada saddex iyo badh kun oo sano ka hor joogsaday. sahamiyayaal Ruush ayaa sheegay in jiritaanka dal fog Umkilir ( "jasiiradda of orso oo kala horjeeda") Chukchi. Laakiin waxaa qaadatay laba boqol oo sano ka hor xeebta cidla ah iyo nelaskovy cag Yurub. Muddo dheer jasiiradda waxaa loo tixgeliyaa kaliya a legend Chukchi qurux badan. In uu 1820-1824 sano raadsadey sahamisa a Ruush iyo statesman Ferdinand Petrovich Vrangel. In 1849, sahamisa iyo socotada ka Genri UK Kellett daawaday iyada oo xoqad ah, laba xabbadood oo dalka Badda Chukchi ah. Discoverer iyaga la odhan jiray isaga iyo markab Herald ka dib. Sidaas daraaddeed waxaa ku jiray "Kellett Land" iyo jasiiradda of Herald (ka dib Wrangel Island) on map dunida. Laakiin sidaas maaha oo dhan adventures of qayb ka mid ah dalka ku wareegsan badda our.

Maxaad daahfurka ayaa loo magacaabay in sharaf of Wrangel

Jasiiradda waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay la aqoon in ay Yurub (opinion ku saabsan Umkilir Chukchi ma la tixgeliyey). xaq u of discoverer lahaayeen qof kuwaas oo aan kaliya arki xeebta fog iyadoo la kaashanayo xoqad ah, oo u degay waxaa la cagtiisa. Waxa uu ahaa ganacsade Jarmal Eduard Dallmann, kuwaas oo lagu sameeyay macaamil ganacsi baayacmushtariga oo la degan Chukotka iyo Alaska. Laakiin waxa uu ka fog fikirka mar booqday u bixiyey dalkii ahaa. Sannad ka dib, in 1867-m, qafaalan Thomas Long ka America ku degay jasiiradda. By xirfadeed, ninkan geesi ahaa cilmi baare, wax badan oo ku saabsan raadinta F. P. Vrangelya ogaa. Sidaa darteed, wuxuu helay iyo la odhan jiray jasiiradda isaga ka dib. Meesha ninna ma jirin ilaa iyo 14 sano jir. In 1881, gasiiradaha Wrangel iyo Harold soo kacay markab American. Waxa ay u muuqatay xubnaha duulaan ku kala horjeeda, De Long, dhigay off in ay ka adkaan Pole North ee 1879 saarnaa ee "Jeannette" oo ka maqan. Captain Kelvin Huper ku degay jasiiradda ah kooxda. Inkasta oo rag ah ayaa raadinaya, ma jiraan raadad sirkaalkii maqan wax tara oo calanka Maraykanka xeebta. jasiiradda wuxuu u bixiyey Colombia Cusub.

jasiiradaha Waxbarashada

Ilaa qarnigii labaatanaad, Russia iyo dowladda United States lahaa danta yar ee leh labada badiyay ee duugga ah Sushi Arctic Ocean. Fikirkan ka qayb qaatay in ay wadataa juqraafi "fog". Wrangel Island, tusaale ahaan, westernmost ee jasiiradaha yaryar, oo ku yaalla inta u dhaxaysa 70 ° iyo 71 ° loolka woqooyi. Dhererka la mid ah oo ay la socdaan suusho ee meeshan oo kaliya u gaar ah, ka 179 ° W. d. in 177 ° c. d. jasiiradaha waa mid aad u dhow ma aha oo kaliya ka soo North America, laakiin sidoo kale Asia ka. Tani waa ka hadhay buundada mar jira u dhexeeya labada qaaradood, halkaas oo Strait Bering ma waxaa weli ka jareen oo dhan. Sidaas darteed, waa jasiirada ee dhulweynaha ka soo jeedo. Taasina waa sababta ay sidoo kale ugu baaqay Beringia. Degaankan waxaa u tudhay da'doodu barafka, iyo inta lagu jiro kululaaneysa ee caalamka ee jasiiradda ma biyaha hoos tagaan. Dhab ahaantii Tani ayaa dhulka Wrangel ah flora cajiib ah oo dubato.

Zapolyarnoe tufaax ah muran

Iyadoo Bilowgii hore ee qarnigii labaatanaad, oo ay la socdaan warshadaha qarnigii, labada musharax dhawaaqay xuquuqda ay u leeyihiin jasiiradaha. Ka dib oo dhan, iyadoo aan loo eegayn meesha Island Wrangel ah, ku nool yahay, haddii uu jiro qof, iyo haddii ay macquul tahay in ay fuliyaan howlaha dhaqaalaha. The xuduudaha dalalka deriska la ah waxaa lagu wareejiyay, si ay bari iyo galbeed u kala horreeyaan, haddii qof uu helo qabsado jasiiradaha. In xilliga dayrta ee 1911 duulaan ku Ruush hydrographic on markabka "Vaigach" degay Wrangel Island iyo kiciyey calanka Ruush waxa on. In xagaagii 1913 brigantine Canadian "Karluk" ahaa Saurez oo lagu qasbay in ay fakadaan xagga Strait Bering ah. Qayb ka mid ah kooxda ku degay jasiiradda of Gerald oo kale ah - Koox ka weyn - at Wrangel. Laba xubnood oo duulaan ku gaareen dalka weyn (Alaska), laakiin xisbiga gurmadka si cidhiidhi ku yimid oo kaliya in September 1914.

horumarinta jasiiradaha

In 1921, Kanada go'aansadeen in ay "saamiga baxay" jasiiradaha ah ee Badda Chukchi ah. Ka dib oo dhan, u dhiibay gobolka fursad kalluumaysiga iyo whaling ee xeebaha ay. Laakiin ugu horreeyay ee sal ah afar haween ah oo kala horjeeda oo ka mid ah Inuit soo gaaray xilliga qaboobaha (badbaaday kaliya Ada blackjack). Markaas Kanada ee 1923 la aasaasay column labaad. On Wrangel Island yimid geologist Charles Wells iyo laba iyo toban ESKIMOSKA, iyaga oo haween iyo carruur ka mid ah. Sida wax soo saarka cuntada ku hawlan ugaarsadaha xirfadeed, degayaashu si guul leh u noolaadaan jiilaalka. Laakiin dawladda USSR waxay u cid direen xeebaha qalada bi'iyo ee jasiiradda "Red October", qalabaysan hubka. degayaasha kooxda uu si qasab ah saarnaa qaaday oo aan iyaga qaaday in Vladivostok, halkaas oo markii danbe loo gacan galiyay dalkiisa. Sidaas darteed of safar this, laba carruur ah ayaa la dilay.

Wrangel Island annagaa leh!

Sidee buu noqday "gudaha" ugu dambeyntii? Inkasta oo ay jiraan Wrangel Island on map of Russia, dowladda nasan maayo ilaa uu jiro ansixinta no oo ka mid ah degay Ruush. In 1926 waxaa la aasaasay idaacadda kala horjeeda, kuwaas oo uu hoggaaminayay cilmibaadhe G. Ushakov Ya.. isagay la joogeen 59 tuulo oo kale oo Chaplin Chukchi iyo Providence. In 1928, qalada bi'iyo ah "Litke" waxaa yimid wariye Yukreeniyaan Nikolai Trublaini. Waxa uu leeyahay si joogta ah buugaagta uu (sida "The Way inay Arctic ka dhex kulaale") ku tilmaamay Island Wrangel iyo quruxdiisa Patriots. The beeraha wadareed ahaayeen in ay meel kasta oo Midowga Soofiyeeti iyo Waqooyiga Fog ahaa marka laga reebo ma jiro. dhaqashada beeraha wadareed oo la asaasay 1948 - ilaa ugu dambaysta this keeneen lo'da yar oo ka soo jeeda barriga. Oo 70s ayaa lagu soo bandhigay muskox la Nunivak Island. In kastoo afaf xun oo sheegaya in ku salaysan jasiiradaha waa mid ka mid ah xeryaha gulag ah, waxaa run ma aha. Tuulooyinka Ushakovskoe, Perkatkun, Star iyo tuulada. Cape Schmidt la wada degganaa ama sahamiyayaal ama qabiil Chukchi.

Dhulalka Protected

In 1953 mas'uuliyiinta go'aansaday in la ilaaliyo iyo rookeries maroodi badeed iyaga on labada jasiiradood ee Badda Chukchi ah. Toddoba sano ka dib, Guddiga Fulinta Oblast Magadan aasaasay by ay xal on Wrangel Island Reserve. Later (1968) uu u dallacsiiyey in xaaladda. Laakiin taasi ma joojin dowladda Soviet. reserve Nature muhiimka u ah qaranka ee 1976 waxaa beddelay reserve dabiiciga ah "Wrangel Island". Aagga ayaa weli la ilaaliyo hoos amar Golaha RSFSR Wasiirada hoos lambarka 189, March 23, 1976. Horyaalka reserve jamac - ma typo ah. Waxay ahayd under ilaalinta, iyo gasiirad deriska la ah ee Herald, oo ku saabsan 1,43 milyan oo hektar oo meelaha biyaha. Waxaase xusid mudan ilaalinta dabiicadda aad qeyb ka ah khalkhalka ee 1990. Inta badan dadka deggan ayaa la geeyay berriga, maxaa yeelay, ma aha in ay cuntada iyo shidaalka samatabbixin. degan ee la soo dhaafay Vasilina Alpaun dilay orso oo kala horjeeda ee 2003. Iyo sanadkii 2004 labada jasiiradood daro Liiska Heritage UNESCO Adduunka.

gargaarka

Wrangel Island Map waxay muujinaysaa in goobtan dalkii waa arrin buuraleyda. Saddex silsilad ku dhowaad isku midka ah - Northern, Dhexe iyo Koonfurta tiixtiix - jebi ah qarar xeebta. Dhibcood ee ugu sareeya - Mount Soviet - ilaa 1096 mitir heerka badda. Waxay ku taalaa ku dhawaad bartamaha ee jasiiradda. Low North Ridge noqdo baajiyey Caraabaah yeedhay Dhuldhoobo Academy. xeebaha dalka dooxadana ee jasiiradda waa la baabbi'iyey, by lagoons. Waxaa jira haraha iyo webiyaasha badan. Laakiin halkan kalluunkoodii waa inaan laga helin. Sababtoo ah ee cimilada qallafsan, kuwaas oo berkadood iyada oo la xanibay qaboobaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kululaaneysa ee caalamka waa dareemi halkan. Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, oo afka webiga waxay bilaabeen inay si firfircoon uga tagaan on shoals arkaayo ee salmon. dhul Patriots iyo meesha Zapolyarnoe jasiiradda abuuray taxane ah oo glaciers Neta.

Cimilada Wrangel Island

Habeen Polar halkan yimaado tobanka sano ee labaad ee November oo soo dhaweyn qorraxda lagu muujiyay dhamaadka January. Iftiinka ma gudbo bidhaamayaan ka bartamihii bishii May in tobanka sano ee saddexaad ee July. Laakiin xitaa xaqiiqda ah in qorraxda had iyo jeer u iftiimaa Wrangel Island, ma siin kulaylka xagaaga maxaliga ah. Heerkulka xataa in aan ka badnayn July +3 ° C. Baraf soo noqnoqda, meelsare oo ceeryaanta. Kaliya xagaaga ah si aan caadi ahayn u kulul ee 2007, heerkulbeegga booday in +14,8 ° C (in August). Winters sidoo kale waa arrin qabow, la soconkara soo noqnoqda. Rency gaar ahaan February iyo March. Heerkulka waqtigan toddobaadyo badan ma kici heer ka sarreeya ee -30 ° C. tacsida hawada qabow ka Arctic dhali yar qoyaan ah. Laakiin xagaagii la North Pacific waxaa is qarxiyaan dabaylo qoyan.

Flora

Gorodkov, kuwaas oo bartay 1938 cover geedka ku yaal xeebaha bari ee dalka Wrangel Island si khalad ah loo aaneeyey inay u zone ee lamadegaanka cidhifka woqooyi. waxbarasho dheeraad ah oo flora ee keentay saynisyahano ka fikirin in dhulkeeda been zone of Dhuldhoobo kala horjeeda. Iyo inay ahaato mid aad u dhabta ah, kala soocidda waa sida soo socota: Wrangel Subprovince Western American zone Dhuldhoobo cidhifka woqooyi. Flora Halabuurka noocyada kala duwan ee qadiimiga ah. Saddex boqolkiiba ee warshadda - subendemics. calaamada Tani Gorodkova, puccinellia, oxytrope Wrangel iyo kuwa kale. Currently, waxaa shaaca ka qaaday in tirada noocyada-gud ee Wrangel Island waa la ekaan ee aagga kala horjeeda. Waxa intaa dheer in dhirta, kuwaas oo, oo laga kala helo halkan iyo meel kale oo dunida ka, kaydka ku koraan in ka badan boqol oo ka mid ah noocyada dhif ah.

dubato

cimilada adag ma naxa kala duwan noocyada gaar ha. On jasiiradda waxaa gabi ahaanba ma jirto lafdhabarka, xamaarato iyo biyaha saafiga ah kalluunka. Laakiin Wrangel Island, kuwaas oo sawir waa dhif dhamaystiran oo aan orsada, oo caddaan ku jiro sawir, ayaa heysta rikoorka cufnaanta xoolaha kuwaas. Judge naftaada: meel ka mid ah oo ku saabsan toddoba iyo badh kun oo kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran saanqaadi afar orso. Iyo in aan tirinta labka iyo dhallinyarada! Taasi xaq ku magac Chukchi ee jasiiradda - Umkilir. Waxaa intaa dheer, dadka xayawaanka this sii kordhaya sannad ka sannad. orso Polar - milkiilaha ugu weyn ee jasiiradda. isaga ka sokow waxaa jira keeno caribou iyo muskox. Summer ka bees dhulweynaha, dhicin, dukhsiga iyo kaneecada dhigeysa dabaysha. adduunka ee Shimbiraha jasiiradda ay leedahay oo ku saabsan 40 noocyada. Of jiirka waa gud Wrangel Lemming. Waxa intaa dheer in orso iyo bahal kale waa la helay, oo kala horjeeda dawaco, in Yeeyi Cunto, dawacada, wolverine, ermine. The rookery maroodi badeed maxaliga ah - ee ugu weyn ee Russia.

daahfurka gaar ah

In bartamihii 1990, reserve "Wrangel Island" muuqday on bogagga hore ee joornaalada sayniska. Oo dadkii oo dhammu, waayo, paleontologists ayaa helay hadhaagii mammoths halkan. Laakiin waxaa muhiim ah in aan nafteeda, iyo iyada oo da 'ka heli. Waxaa soo baxay in gasiiraddaas la daboolay timaha qaro weyn, maroodi, kuwaas oo ku noolaa iyo inta uu dhan saddex iyo badh kun oo sano ka hor. Laakiin waxaa la og yahay in bareejeeyo ku dhintay in ka badan toban kun oo sano ka hor. Bal maxaynu haysannaa? Marka Greece ahaa ku nasanayay ilbaxnimada Mycenaean, oo wuxuu boqor ahaa ee Masar oo Fircoon Tutankhamun, on Wrangel Island bareejeeyo marayay agagaarka nool! Si kastaba ha ahaatee, a dacawo maxalliga ah ayaa sidoo kale ku kala duwan yihiin koror yar - size ee a-maroodi oo casri ah oo Afrikaan ah.