Waa telefoonka ugu horeysay mobile dunida ee

isgaarsiinta Mobile, taas oo ka shaqeeya adduunka oo dhan maanta, ayaa dhaqan ahaan loo alifay cusub. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ururka ugu horeeya ee kaabayaasha of fikradda isgaarsiinta mobile soo baxay in qarnigii 20aad. On su'aasha ah, telefoonka ugu horeysay ee mobile, iyo marka, waa ay adag tahay in si cad u jawaabi waxa dalka. Laakiin haddii aad isku daydo inaad sidaan sameyso - waxa xaqiiqda ah ee horumarinta isgaarsiinta iyadoo la isticmaalayo qalabka raadiyaha waa in marka hore la bartay horeyn? Iyada oo ku saleysan waxa shuruudaha kuwa ama qalab kale waa in la loo qoondeeyey in ay telefoonada gacanta?

History of Phones Mobile: Facts Key

Si aad ka jawaabto su'aasha - oo abuurtay telefoonka ugu horeysay ee mobile ee dunida, waxaannu ugu horreeya oo dhan xeel kartaa taariikhda qalabka isgaarsiinta kala.

Aragtiyaha iyo prototypes ee qalabka isgaarsiinta, ka dhibic functional of view, ayaa ku dhow inay telefoonada gacanta, bilaabay in laga doodo ee beelaha kala duwan (scientific, injineernimada) ee qarnigii 20aad. Laakiin telefoonka gacanta dhabta ah iyada oo loo adeegsanayo isgaarsiinta bixiyey inuu user dhamaadka 70s si loo horumariyo shaybaarka Bell Laboratories, kaas oo ay leedahay mid ka mid ah shirkadaha ugu weyn ee US - AT & T. Waxaa ka mid ah dalalka ugu horeeya si ay u leeyihiin ganacsiga nidaamka isgaarsiinta mobile guul leh u dhaqan - Finland. nidaamka isgaarsiinta mobile si firfircoon horumariyo USSR.

Laakiin waxa ay dawladdu ka hor inta kale marka la eego hordhaca ah ee telefoonada gacanta?

Waxa ay noqon doontaa mid waxtar leh in ay deggan Been Soviet - yiqiin la xaqiiqooyinka iyaga oo ku saabsan naga caawin doonaa in ay fahmaan marka ay telefoonka ugu horeysay ee mobile adduunka iyo in wadanka.

Abuuritaanka telefoonka gacanta, waayo-aragnimo ee Soviet

Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii Great Patriotic, fikradda ah qalab gaar ah, Monophonic, soo jeediyay in cilmiga Soofiyeeti Georgi Ilyich Babat. Cutubkani wuxuu lahaa in ay buuxsan, a telefoonka la qaadi karo in hab automatic. Waxaa loo maleeyey in ay la shaqeyn lahaayeen kala duwan ee 1-2 GHz. feature maamulaha of qalab la soo jeediyay by GI Babati, waxay ahayd si loo hubiyo in isu gudbinta codka bixisaa shabakad faraha-badan ee waveguides gaar ah.

In 1946, Shapiro oo I. Zakharchenko waxaa loo bixiyey inuu abaabulo nidaamka isgaarsiinta raadiyaha ah oo qalab ah ee qaata iyo gudbinta cod la galiyo in baabuurta. Iyadoo la tixraacayo fikrad this, ku salaysan kaabayaasha isgaarsiinta mobile lahaa in ay saldhigyada magaalooyinka firfircoon, kaabaya qalabka a radio gaar ah. The filayay isticmaali call gaar ah sida aqoonsi macmiilka ah.

Bishii Abriil 1957, injineer Soviet Leonid Kupriyanovich abuuray noocooda ah ee qalabka isgaarsiinta a - Luuk-1 radiotelephone. qalab waxa uu gacan tallaabo ah oo ku saabsan 30 km oo ay leeyihiin miisaan badan - oo ku saabsan 3 kg. Waxa uu siin kartaa link a sabab u ah is dhexgalka PBX gaar ah, kaas oo lagu xiran karo in lagu khadadka taleefanka ee magaalada. Ka dibna, telefoonka ayaa la soo hagaagtay. Sidaas daraaddeed, LI Kupriyanovich si weyn u dhimay miisaanka iyo dhinacyada qalabka. Awoodda updated of unit ahaa qiyaastii u siman yihiin in qiimaha 2 ee sanduuqyada sigaarka, duceysanayaan on kasta oo kale. radiotelephone Miisaanka ahaa 500 garaam la batteriga. Waxaan filaynaa in telefoonka mobile Soviet la ballaaran loo isticmaali doonaa in dhaqaalaha dalka, guriga iyo wuxuu noqon doonaa mawduuca isticmaalka shakhsi ahaaneed ee muwaadiniinta.

Radiotelephone LI Kupriyanovich ogolaanaya ma aha oo kaliya in ay wacaan, laakiin sidoo kale si aad u qaadato - siiyaa shaqo ee tirada shakhsi, iyo sidoo kale ka faa'iidaysiga kaabayaasha gudbinta seenyaalaha ka PBX ee xarunta telefoonka si toos ah, oo waxaa iyaga la - horeba in unugyada macmiilka.

Research berrinkii isgaarsiinta mobile lagu qabtay dalalka kale ee hantiwadaagga. Tusaale ahaan, sannadkii 1959, saynisyahan Bulgaria Khristo Bachvarov horumariyo qalabka mobile, la mid ah mabda 'in LI telefoonka ugu weyn Kupriyanovich, oo isna wuxuu xiranayo.

waxaan dhihi karaa in telefoonka ugu horeysay mobile adduunka ee la Been abuurtay, sidaa darteed in Midowga Soofiyeeti ama dalalka kale ee hantiwadaagga?

Shuruudaha qalabka xilsaarayo si ay telefoonada gacanta

First of dhan, waa in aad go'aan ka gaarto waxa waxaa loo arkaa, in fact, a mobile phone. Iyadoo la tixraacayo qeexidda caadi ah, si loo tixgeliyo hoos qalab kaas oo sida:

- is haysta (qofka u qaadan kartaa in aad la);

- hawl la isticmaalayo links radio;

- ogolaanaya user hal kale inay u yeedhaan oo la lambar gaar ah;

- si gaar ah dhexgeliyey shabakadaha telefoonka banki,

- heli karo si ay dadweynaha (suurtagalnimada of xiriir uma baahna ogolaansho ah kuwa ama hay'adaha kale ee awoodda u leh, iyo khayraadka dhaqaale iyo kaabayaal kooban oo macaamiishu) ah.

Marka laga eego this, telefoon buuxa mobile weli aan la been abuurtay in Midowga Soofiyeeti. Laakiin, dabcan, shuruudaha Qeexidda kor ku xusan looma tixgelin karo telefoonka mobile universal. Oo haddii aad leedahay in meesha laga saaro, gaar ahaan, helitaanka iyo compactness, inta kale si fiican u dhigma laga yaabaa in nidaamka Soviet "Altai". Tixgeli qaababka ay si faahfaahsan.

waayo-aragnimo Soviet horumarinta mobile: nidaamka "Altai"

Waxbarashada su'aasha ah waxa telefoonka ugu horeysay ee mobile ee dunida, waxa fiican in ay bartaan xaqiiqooyin aasaasi ah oo ku saabsan habka isgaarsiinta ee kala. In qalabka ku xiran in ay, waxaa jiray, in mabda, dhammaan calaamadaha of phone a mobile, marka lagu daro helitaanka guud. Nidaamka sidan:

- shaqeeyay on mabda'a ah ee isgaarsiinta raadiyaha ,

- ogolaan mid si macaamiishu wac lambarada kale;

- waxa ay leedahay in si gaar ah dhexgeliyey shabakadaha magaalada.

Laakiin waxa aan ahaa si cad u heli karo, liiska dagdagi ansixiyey ee heer wasaaradeed. nidaamka "Altai" The la bilaabay in 60s ee Moscow, iyo '70s ayaa la geeyay in ka badan 100 magaalooyinka dalka USSR. Si firfircoon loo isticmaalaa inta lagu guda jiro ciyaaraha Olympic 1980.

Waxaa jiray in Midowga Soofiyeeti ayaa qorshaynaysa in la abuuro nidaam mobile isgaadhsiinta taas oo ku xidhi kari lahaa qof walba. Laakiin sabab u adag dhaqaale iyo siyaasadeed ee 80s bartamihii daahay 'ka shaqeeya horumarinta fikradda this la hakiyay.

In post-Soviet Russia heerarka Western of isgaarsiinta gacanta waxaa la fuliyay. By waqtiga ay leeyihiin muddo dheer awood xiriirka ka dhexeeya qalabka lagu magacaabi karaa telefoonada gacanta buuxa. Ina keena aynu ka baran habka horumariyo heerarka khuseeya ee West ah. Tani, mar kale, waxay naga caawin doontaa ka jawaabo su'aasha ah goorta iyo meesha ugu horeysa ee telefoonka mobile adduunka ugu.

History of mobile US

Sida aan ku xusay hore ee qodobkan, telefoonka gacanta noocooda ah waxay bilaabeen inay u muuqdaan in West ee qarnigii 20aad. In the 30-40-mada ay bilaabeen in ay la fulin horumarka dhabta ah. In 1933, ee u dhexeeya baabuur oo ka mid ah booliska New York kartaa xiriirka la isticmaalayo idaacadaha bar-dabaq. In 1946 ee Missouri , shabakadda mobile ayaa la soo saaray, kaas oo ay macaamiishu shaqsi la isticmaalayo qalab kasta radio kale la dhexdhexaadinta of operator ka gudbin karin. In 1948 ee gobolka Indiana kaabayaasha ayaa la bilaabay, jidaynayey kaliya hal macmiilka oo ku baaqay in kale mar hore in hab automatic.

waxaan dhihi karaa in ay tahay in United States, sidaas abuurtay telefoonka ugu horeysay mobile adduunka ee? Haddii aan ka fiirsan shuruudaha soo sheegnay lagu qoro qalab radiotelephone u dhiganta nooca - sidaas, sidaas si la hadasho, laakiin iyadoo la tixraacayo horumar American ka dib. Xaqiiqada ah in mabaadi'da ay shaqeeya Maraykanka 40eeyaha shabakadaha gacanta ahaayeen kuwo aad u fog kuwa sifaha casriga ah shabakadaha mobile.

Systems, sida kuwa la geeyay ee Missouri iyo Indiana ee 40 jirka ah, waxay leeyihiin goldaloolo la taaban karo oo ku saabsan mawjadaha iyo channels. Lama oggola in ay ku xidhmaan shabakadaha mobile, tiro ku filan badan oo macaamiishu isku mar. Xalka in dhibaatadan ayaa waxaa la soo jeediyay khabiir D. Bell ee giraanta, kaas oo la soo jeediyey in dalka reer faafinta radio qaybiyaan cell ama unugyada in ay la aasaasay ah saldhigyada saldhig gaar ah oo ka hawlgala at firikuwensiyada kala duwan. Mabda 'Tani waa guud ahaan ogaaday iyo teleefoonada gacanta casriga ah. D. Hirgelinta Ring ah, ku dhaqanka, fikradda waxaa la hirgeliyey 1969.

Taariikhda isgaarsiinta mobile Yurub iyo Japan

In galbeedka Europe, qalabka raadiyaha nidaamka telefoonka marka hore la isticmaalo lagu tijaabiyey ee 1951. In 60 sano oo shaqo ah jihada this si firfircoon sameeyey Japan. Waxaa xusid mudan in horumarinta dalka Japan ayaa lagu ogaaday in inta jeer ee aan fiicnayn la geeyo ee kaabayaasha mobile - 400 iyo 900 MHz. Maanta, kuwaas oo ay mawjadaha - oo ay ku jiraan ugu muhiimsan, in waxa loo isticmaalaa by shaqeeya mobile.

Mid ka mid ah wadamada ugu horeeysa ee hirgelinta horumarka berrinkii hawlgalka ah shabakadaha gacanta buuxa noqday Finland. In 1971, dadka Finnishka ah waxay bilaabeen in ay network gacanta aag caymiska ganacsi oo gaaray baaxadda dalka oo dhan by 1978. Tani macnaheedu ma ah in telefoonka ugu horeysay mobile ee dunida, ka hawlgala on mabaadi'da casriga ah, u muuqday in Finland? Waxaa jira qaar ka mid ah dood ay guushu ku ra'yigaa: gaar ahaan, in miisaanka strany.No kaabayaasha fool shirkadaha isgaarsiinta Finnish ku haboon sida ay dhibic dhaqanka ee aragtida, qalab noocan oo kale ah ayaa weli u muuqday oo dalka Mareykanka ah. kaalin weyn in this, mar kale, haddii aan ka fiirsan version caanka ah soo ciyaaray ka Motorola.

Ra'yiga gacanta ka Motorola

In the 70s hore waxay u leexatay tartan aad u kulul oo u dhexeeya bixiyeyaasha adeegga iyo qalab ku balanqaaday qaybaha suuqa ee dalka Mareykanka - berrinkii isgaarsiinta gacanta. The ugu muhiimsan waa shirkad steel AT & T iyo Motorola. Xaaladdan oo kale, shirkaddii ugu horreysay ee ay diiradda on ciidamo of nidaamka isgaarsiinta baabuurta - iyadoo jidka ag fadhida, sida shirkadaha isgaarsiinta ee Finland, kii labaadna wuxuu ahaa - on hirgelinta qalabka is haysta oo dhinac kasta oo xiiso u qaadan karaan.

Ku guuleystay fikradda labaad, iyo, ku salaysan bilowgii Motorola Corporation of geeyo, dhab ahaantii, buuxi fahamka casriga ah ee shabakadda gacanta isticmaalaya devaysov.Pervy phone a dunida ee is haysta mobile ka yar kaabayaasha Motorola ah, mar kale, iyadoo la raacayo hab dhaqanka ayaa ku lug lahaa sida unit macmiilka ah 1973. 10 sano ee dalka Mareykanka ka dib markii ayaa la socda shabakad buuxa ganacsi oo ku xidhan karto caadiga ah Americans.

Ka fikir in wakiil telefoonka ugu horeysay mobile adduunka ee la Been abuurtay, sida ay view caanka ah, ee injineerada American ka Motorola.

telefoonka gacanta First: Features

Waxaa ku saabsan devayse Motorola DynaTAC waa. Waxa uu u miisaamay oo ku saabsan 1.15 kg. dhinacyada ay yihiin 12.5 x 22.5 x 3.75 cm. Waxaa la diyaarin furayaasha tirada for garaacaysaa, iyo sidoo kale laba badhamada gaar ah u yeedho diro, una yeedha joojinta. Qalabka wuxuu lahaa batari, by kaas oo u shaqayn karto in hab call sugaya a, amarka ka mid ah 8 saacadood, iyo wadahadalka - oo ku saabsan 1 hr. Eedayn batteriga ee telefoonka ugu horeysay cell lahaa in ay ka badan 10 saacadood.

первый в мире мобильный телефон? Waa maxay telefoonka ugu horeysay mobile adduunka ee? photo qalab - hoos.

Ka dibna, shirkadda Motorola ayaa la sii daayay qaar ka mid ah qoraalkii la casriyeeyay ee qalabka. Haddii aan ka hadlo Motorola shabakada ganacsiga - telefoonka ugu horeysay ee mobile in dunidana waxaa laga sameeyey, waayo, kaabayaasha habboon ee 1983.

Waxaan ka hadleynaa qalabka Motorola DynaTAC 8000X. Cutubkan waxa ku miisaamay 800 garaam oo dhinacyo yihiin dhigma version ugu horeysay ee qalabka. Waxaa xusid mudan in uu xasuus ku kaydiso laga yaabaa 30 lambarrada call.

Yaa abuurtay telefoonka ugu horeysay ee mobile?

Sidaas daraaddeed, waxaan isku dayi in aan ka jawaabo su'aasha ugu muhiimsan - oo abuurtay telefoonka ugu horeysay mobile adduunka ee. Taariikhda horumarka isgaadhsiinta isticmaalaya raadiyaha ayaa sheegay in qalab ugu horeysay in si buuxda u waafaqsan tahay shuruudaha telefoonada gacanta, ayaa maanta la xiriira, waxaa lagu soo hindiseen Motorola ee Maraykanka iyo muujiyaan adduunka ee 1973.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, khalad ku odhan doonaa in shirkad uu soo bandhigay horumarka ah aasaas cusub. Telefoonada Mobile - ee dareenka ah in ay ahaayeen qalabka raadiyaha iyo bixiyaa xidhiidh ka dhexeeya macaamiisha ah by lambar gaar ah - by waqtiga loo isticmaalaa in Midowga Soviet, Europe iyo Japan. Haddii aan ka hadlo marka telefoonka ugu horeysay mobile adduunka ee ahaa commercialized - shirkadda, waxa uu ku horumariyo, bilaabay ganacsi oo u dhiganta 1983, ka dib ka badan, gaar ahaan, mashaariicda sida lagu hirgeliyo Finland.

Sidaas darteed, shirkad ka Motorola unbaa loo arkaa ugu horeysay, taasoo ku bixiyeen telefoonka mobile ee dareenka casriga ah - gaar ahaan, hawl on mabda'a ah boosteejooyinka saldhig u qaybiyey unugyada, iyo sidoo kale isagoo qaab is haysta. Sidaas darteed, haddii aan ka hadlo meesha waxaa la Been abuurtay telefoonka ugu horeysay mobile adduunka ee, waddanka - sida la qaadi karo, qalab is haysta in uu yahay qayb ka mid ah a kaabayaasha isgaarsiinta gacanta, waxa uu noqon lahaa sharci ah si loo ogaado waxa ay sheegaan xogta ahaayeen Mareykanka.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa xusid mudan in nidaamka Soviet "Altai" u shaqeeyay si fiican oo aan hordhaca ah ee technology-style American. Sayidka, injineerada Midowga Soofiyeeti aasaas xaqiijiyay awooda in ay kaabayaasha mobile ee qaranka, dhab ahaantii, miisaan, iyada oo aan isticmaalka mabaadi'da qaybinta saldhigyada salka ku daray malabkii a.

Waxaa macquul ah in aan dhibaatooyinka dhaqaale iyo siyaasadeed ee 80s ee USSR ayaa soo bandhigay lahaa shabakadaha gacanta u gaar ah oo ka hawlgala oo ku saleysan afkaarta kale American, oo mana ay doonaynin inay ka xun shaqeeyaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaqiiqda ah - Maanta heerka isgaarsiinta gacanta ee Russia ayaa loo isticmaalaa, horumariyo West ah, dalabka iyo commercialized dunida telefoonka gacanta ugu horeysay.

Waxaa xusid mudan in nidaamka "Altai" dhab ahaantii ka shaqeeyay ilaa 2011. Sayidka, guulaha injineernimada Soviet muddo dheer ku hadhay oo sax ah iyo waxa ay astaan u noqon kartaa in laga yaabo in ay ku horumarin loo baahan yahay waxay leeyihiin, iyadoo fikradaha shisheeye dhismaha kaabayaasha a mobile tartami kari wayeen.

oo kooban

Sidaas daraaddeed, kuwa been abuurtay telefoonka ugu horeysay mobile adduunka ee? Jawaabta oo gaaban su'aashan waa ay adag tahay. Haddii telefoonka gacanta in ay ogaadaan qalab ah ee isafgaradka macmiilka radio, isku dhafan leh shabakadaha magaalooyinka, shaqeeya on mabda'a ah ee gacanta oo diyaar u ah qof kasta, waxa laga yaabaa inay tahay markii ugu horeysay, kaabayaasha this la soo bandhigay by shirkadda US Motorola.

сотовых сетях — то таковые, вероятно, в масштабе всего государства были внедрены в Финляндии, однако с применением устройств, ориентированных на размещение в автомобилях. Haddii aan ka hadlo network ugu horeeyay ee ganacsi ee gacanta - markaas kuwa ay u badan tahay gobolka oo dhan ayaa lagu soo bandhigay in Finland, laakiin iyadoo la isticmaalayo qalab loogu talagalay meelaynta ee baabuurta. shabakadaha macaash doon ahayn xiran mobile si guul biloowday iyo, dhab ahaantii, on qiyaasta qaran ee USSR.