Waa maxay GLONASS iyo sida ay u kala duwan ka GPS Maraykanka

Ruush Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) warbaahinta ayaa dhawaan la siiyey badan oo fiiro, xirfad laawe fudud, gaar ahaan ka fog dhibaatooyinka navigation satellite, waxay u ekaan kartaa in nidaamka waa sidaas oo cusub iyo in ay bilaw. Dhab ahaantii, tani gabi ahaanba waa kiiska ma. Oo weliba, waxa GLONASS? Markii ay u muuqatay, iyo GPS si fiican u yaqaan?

Taariikhda ah ee navigation ee satellite qoyska

Fikradda ah ee la isticmaalayo satalayt dhulka macmal ah ee baahida navigation muuqday ee konton konton ah ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay, marka shayga ugu horeysay abuuray by gacmaha aadanaha, u muuqday kastana falagiisuu dhex Earth. Just ka dibna, daawashada ah calaamadaha satellite ugu horeysay, saynisyahano arkay ku dhaqanka in inta jeer ee signal ka satellite ah ku yaal kastana falagiisuu dhex helay kala duwan iyada oo ku xiran ay qaraabo meel observer ah (saamayn Doppler). Intaas waxaa sii dheer, isagoo garanaya booska saxda ah ee observer ee dhulka, hal cabbiri kartaa booska iyo xawaaraha of satellite ah, oo sidaas, qeybsanaan. Americans fikrad this lagu gaadhay sanadkii 1974, markii barnaamijka DNSS bilaabay navigation ugu horeysay satellite (ka dib barnaamijka ayaa loo magacaabay Navstar-GPS, ka dibna - kaliya GPS a).

Iyo waxa on hooyo Space? saynisyahano Soviet waqtigan, sidoo kale, ma yar tiimbanaynay oon fadhiya by. Xitaa ka hor inta dunida ogaaday in GLONASS ama GPS, 1967 bilaabay navigation ugu horeysay satellite "Yooxanaa erayga Kosmos-192" iyo "Cosmos-220" ee 1968. Labada satalayt ayaa loogu talagalay baahida navigation iyo isgaarsiinta si ay u bixiyaan long-distance oo ka mid ah maraakiibta Soviet Navy oo ka mid ah nidaamka top navigation "Duufaan" (version rayidka ah - "Cicada") ahaayeen. Iyo 1976, nidaamka leedahay xubin ka mid ah 6 pride "dhoofnay", hore ayaa loo rido adeegga. saxnaanta mawqifyada waa 80-100 m, taas oo aan u xun markii ugu.

Ilaa waqti isku mid ah u noqday kuwa loo yaqaan in GLONASS ah. Sanadkii 1976, in la sii wado barnaamijka "Cyclone" ee CPSU CC iyo USSR Golaha Wasiirrada soo saaray amar gaar ah oo ku saabsan horumarinta dheeraad ah oo navigation satellite qoyska. Inkastoo gelinba joogta ah waqtiga, in October 1982 satellite kowaad falagiisuu "Hurricane" ayaa la bilaabay la xiriira nidaamka GLONASS ah, iyo 1991 horeba kastana falagiisuu dhex jiray 12 satalayt lixaad qaba.

ansaxinta rasmiga ah ee nidaamka hawlgalka ka dhacay September 1993, iyo 1995 group satellite ka koobnaa 24 satalayt (tirada shaqaalaha). Nasiib darro, Manhajkooda ah, ee ku xiga burburkii of USSR ah, iyo sidoo kale kooban noolaa of satellite ah keentay in xaqiiqda ah in ay 2001, waxaa jiray kastana falagiisuu dhex kaliya 6 satalayt hawl, iyo in uu yahay GLONASS waxay bilaabeen inay si tartiib tartiib ah illoobin.

Ka dib markii la ansaxiyo in 2001 xaaladda barnaamijka federaalka weli bilaabay in la saxo, iyo dhamaadka 2011 tirada caadiga ah ee Satellite ayaa keenay in heerka la doonayo. Waayo, GG muddo 2012 -2020. ku saabsan horumarinta GLONASS qoondeeyay 320 billion rubles. Inta lagu jiro wakhtigan, waxaa la qorsheeyey in ay soo saaraan iyo bilowdo 22 satalayt dheeraad ah "Glonass-K" iyo 15 "GLONASS-M"

Sidee GLONASS

Mabda'a hawlgalka ka mid ah gudaha nidaamka navigation waa isku mid sida in GPS Maraykanka. satalayt orbiting joogto ah dhaadheer laba nooc oo signalada - caadiga ah iyo saxnimada sare in diyaar u yihiin inay macaamiisha ku yaal shiidaa meel kasta oo caalamka. kaliya qalabka GLONASS u dhiganta waxaa looga baahan yahay in uu ogaado wadataa saxda ah.

Inkasta oo saxnaanta go'aaminta nidaamka isku xirka iyadoo la isticmaalayo gudaha wax yar liita Maraykanka (3-6 vs 2-4 m m) iyo satalayt adeegga muddo gaaban, GLONASS bixisaa xasilooni weyn ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in aanu ku xiran tahay dhulka wareeg iyo faya Waxa aanu u baahan yahay wax ka bedel dheeraad ah. Haddii aan ka hadlo saxnimada, 2020, horumarinta qorshaynayaan in ay taasi kor u si 0.6 m, iyo mustaqbalka - ilaa 0.1 m.

Sida qalabka aqbaliddoodii, ka GLONASS-hageyaasha, dhexgeliyey casriga hadda ku rakiban iyo telefoonada caadiga ah. qalab hybrid awood u hawlgala GLONASS iyo GPS labada Modern, maanta aad si xor ah ka iibsan kartaa dukaamada iibiya macaamiisha qalabka korontada, ama aad ka dalban dukaanka online.