Vanadium (element kiimikada): taariikhda magaca, qaab-dhismeedka la eb ee, valence ah

Waxaa ka mid ah 115 xubno ka kiimikada hadda loo yaqaan, dad badan oo ay magaca helay sharaf ah geesiyaal caddooyinka Greek, ilaahyada. Qaar kale ku baaqay in magacyada sahamiyayaal iyo aqoonyahanno caan ah. Qaar kale ayaa ugu baaqay dalalka, magaalooyinka, muuqaalada juquraafi. Gaar ahaan xiiso leh waa taariikhda magaca element ah sida vanadium. Haa oo laftiisa ah, biraha tani waa arrin muhiim ah oo uu leeyahay sifooyin gaar ah. Sidaa darteed, waxaan aad uga fiirsada si faahfaahsan.

Vanadium - element kiimikada miiska wareegsan

Haddii aan sifaha shayga on xaaladda nidaamka wareegsan, waxaa suurtagal ah si ay u aqoonsadaan dhowr dhibcood oo muhiim ah.

1. Waxay ku taallaa in muddo waaweyn afaraad, kooxda shanaad, ee kooxaha ugu weyn.
2. Tirada Serial - 23.
3. mass The qaaradda ee element ah - 50,9415.
4. Astaanta kiimikada - V.
5. magaca Laatiin - vanadium.
6. Magaca Ruush - vanadium. element Chemical la akhriyo sida "vanadium" in qaaciidooyinka.
7. Waa soo bandhigaa biraha caadiga ah yaraynta guryaha.

booska uu ka canaasiirta in nidaamka waxaa iska cad in sida a walax fudud element firfircoon yeelan doonaan guryaha la mid yihiin kuwa tantalum iyo niobium.

Features of dhismeedka eb ah

Vanadium - element kiimikada, qaab-dhismeedka qaaradda taas oo lagu qeexay by formula E guud ³ 3D ² 4s. Sida iska cad, ay sabab u qaabeynta noocan oo kale ah iyo gobolka valency iyo qayilo ka muujiyaan laga yaabaa in qiimaha duwana.

formula Tani waxay u ogolaaneysaa in la saadaaliyo sifooyinka vanadium sida walax fudud - biraha caadiga ah ayaa samaynaya tiro badan oo xeryahooda kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan oo adag.

valency sifo iyo gobolka lagu qayilo

Sababo la xiriira joogitaanka electrons unpaired on saddex 3D muujiyaan karaa vanadium sublayer qayilo gobolka +3. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma aha mid ka mid ah oo kaliya. Guud ahaan waxaa jira afar qiimaha suurto gal:

• +2;
• 3;
• 4;
• 5.

Xaaladdan oo kale, vanadium - element a kiimikada, valence ee kaas oo sidoo kale waxay leedahay laba Tilmaamayaasha: IV iyo V. Tani waa sababta xeryahooda in la eb ah la siiyo oo kaliya dhigay, oo kulligoodna waxay lahaan rinjiyeynta a color qurux badan. Gaar ahaan kuwa loo yaqaan for kaxeynayo biyo iyo cusbo biraha.

Vanadium: curiye kiimiko. Taariikhda Magaca

Haddii aan ka hadlo taariikhda helitaanka biraha this, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in ay tixraac bilowgii qarnigii XVIII ka. Muddadan, in 1801, Mexico Del Rio awooday inuu helo xubno aan la garanayn in hogaanka dhagaxa, muunada ah oo uu sahamiyey. Ka dib markii taxane ah oo tijaabo, del Rio helay qaar ka mid ah cusbada biraha si qurux badan leh midab. Waxa uu ahaa magac u bixiyeen "erythron" ah, laakiin mar dambe isaga qaatay cusbo chromium ah, sidaas oo timir ah ee furitaanka helin.

Later, aqoonyahan kale, Sefstrom Sweden, suurtagashay in ay hesho biraha by it xulashada ka ore birta. farmashiyaha Tani shaki in element cusub oo aan la garanayn, ma ahaa. Sidaa darteed, waa horyaal waxaa ka mid ah. Wada jir ah ula Jens Berzelius wuxuu siiyey magaca helitaanka waxyaabaha - vanadium.

Maxay tani? In caddooyinka Norse, waxaa jira hal ilaahadda waa kan shakhsiyaynta of jacaylka, iyo dulqaadashada, daacadnimada iyo u kaliyeeli. Iyadu waa ilaahadda quruxda. Magaceeduna wuxuu ahaa Vanadis. Marka guryaha saynisyahano element xeryahooda ah ayaa la bartay, waxa ay noqotay arrin iska cad in ay yihiin kuwo aad u qurux badan, midabka. A daro daawaha biraha si weyn hagaajinaysaa ay tayo iyo xoog iyo xasiloonida. Sidaa darteed, sharaf ilaahadda Vanadis, oo waxaa la siiyey magaca ah macdanaha oo aan caadi ahayn oo muhiim ah.

Vanadium - element kiimikada ee foomka of walax fudud ayaa lagu heli xataa dambe. Kaliya ee 1869 farmashiyaha British H. Roscoe ayaa u suurtagashay in ay ka jaraan biraha qaab xor ah dhagaxa weyn. Saynisyahan kale F. Weller ayaa la caddeeyey in mar del Rio "chrome" ogaado waa vanadium. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Mexico ilaa maantadan la joogo uusan ku noolaa, iyo helitaanka ma ogaato. The title element Ruush u yimaadeen inay u G. I. Gessu mahad.

xarunta Simple vanadium

Sida walax fudud su'aasha waa la eb bir ah. Waxa uu leeyahay tiro ka mid ah guryaha jireed.

1. Color, lacag-cad, dhaldhalaalaan.
2. Debcaan, adag, culus, tan iyo cufnaanta waa 6.11 g / cm ^3.
3. barta barafku - 1920 ⁰ C, kaas oo u ogolaanaya in ay ka mid ah macdanaha madax adkaadeen.
4. hawada ma oxidize.

Sida qaab xor ah ee dabiiciga ah inuu ka hor tago wax aan macquul aheyn, ka dibna dadka u leeyihiin in ay isaga ka soo macdanta kala duwan iyo dhagaxyada jaraan.

Vanadium - element bir, taas oo ku filan muujinayaa falcelin sare marka kuleelka, iyo xaaladaha qaarkood. Haddii aan ka hadlo oo ku saabsan xaaladaha deegaanka caadiga ah, waa awood ficil kaliya la acids xoog, regia aqua.

Iyada oo qaar ka mid ah nonmetals abuuraa xeryahooda binary, reactions dhaca heerkulka sare. The L shubay alkali, la xirrira kaxeynayo - vanadates. Ogsijiin waa wakiilka oksidheeyeyaal xoog L. in vanadium, iyo sare ee heerkulka ugu weyn kululaynta ee isku dar ah.

Ahaanshaha ee dabiiciga ah iyo Isotopes

Haddii aan ka hadlo faafidda atamka ee dabiiciga ah, vanadium - element a kiimikada, kaas oo loola jeedaa maqan maskax ah. Isagu waa xubin ka mid ah dhagaxyada ku dhowaad dhammaan weyn, senti iyo macdan. Laakiin meelna ma aha in ka badan 2%.

content ee rafatay si weyn u yahay 1.9 * 10 ^-7. Waayo, tilmaame, waxaa ka hor copper, zinc iyo waxa rasaasta waa. biraha dhagax weyn u gaar ah ma sameeyaan, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira dhowr beeraha in ay waxaa loo arkaa waa vanadium. Waxay ka kooban birta ee ka qaylisay oo baraf ah oo atamka vanadium waxaa lagu daray in qadar weyn.

Waa dhagax weyn oo caynkaas ah, sida:

• vanadinite;
• gulufyadii;
• carnotite;
• Chile.

Waxa kale oo aad la kulmi kartaa biraha ee ka kooban:

• ash dhirta,
• biyaha badda;
• squirts badda tel, qajaarka badda;
• noolaha, dhirta jidhadhka dhulka iyo xoolaha.

Haddii aan ka hadlo oo ku saabsan isotopes of vanadium, in kaliya labo ka mid ah: tiro mass of 51, kuwaas oo tirada ugu badan - 99,77%, iyo tiro ka mid ah tiro ka mid ah 50, kaas oo la kala firdhiyey shucaaca iyo dhacdaa xaddi raad.

xeryahooda vanadium

Dhab ahaan baan u tilmaamay in, sida element kiimikada biraha muujiyo waxqabad ku filan in ay curiyaan tiro badan oo ah xeryahooda kala duwan. Sidaas darteed, noocyada soo socda ee walxaha loo yaqaan la vanadium.

1. Oxides.
2. Hydroxides.
3. cusbada Binary (chlorides, fluorides, bromides, sulfides, iodides).
4. xeryahooda Hydroxy (oxychlorides oxybromide, oksitriftoridy iyo kuwo kale).
5. cusbada Complex.

Tan iyo valence ee element ugu ballaaran kala duwan, ka dibna badan oo walxaha waa la helay. feature ugu muhiimsan ee lagu garan oo dhan oo iyaga ka mid - waa midabka. Vanadium - falanqayn kiimikada element oo biirey shows in midabka dhaxayn karo caddaan iyo huruud ah in ay casaan iyo buluug, oo ay ku jiraan hooska cagaaran, orange, madow iyo guduud. Waxaa qeyb ahaan waa taas sabab u ahaa in la siiyey magaca la eb ka, maxaa yeelay waxa ay u muuqataa mid aad u fiican runtii.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dad badan oo xeryahooda waxaa lagu helay oo keliya xaaladaha dareen-celin halkii ay adag. Intaa waxaa dheer, inta badan oo ka mid ah - sun ah, khatar ugu ah dadka. walxaha gobolka Physical noqon karaa mid aad u kala duwan. Tusaale ahaan, chlorides, bromides iyo fluorides - inta badan casaan mugdiga ah, cagaaran, ama kiristaalo madow. oxides A - foomka of budo.

The diyaarinta iyo isticmaalka biraha

Diyaariyey vanadium, waxaa kala dhagaxyada iyo senti. Oo kuwa macdanta ay ku jiraan xataa 1% ka mid ah biraha, loo arkaa in ay aad u hodan ku vanadium. Ka dib kala dar muunad bir ah iyo vanadium waxa uu ku wareejiyay galay xalka u xoog. Laga soo bilaabo tan waxaa la go'doonsan by acidification of vanadate sodium, kaas oo markii danbe helay muunad aad u xoog, la content bir ah oo ilaa 90% ah.

Markaas, soo dadajin this qalajiyey ahaa calcined in foornada iyo vanadium waa la dhimay gobolka macdan ah. In foomkan wax uu diyaar u yahay in loo isticmaalo.

Vanadium - element kiimikaad oo la si cadaalad ah si ballaaran loo adeegsado warshadaha. Gaar ahaan farsamo dikhaw of Alloys steel. Waxaad qeexi kartaa dhowr qaybood oo muhiim ah isticmaalka biraha.

1. warshadaha dharka.
2. Glassmaking.
3. Warshadaha ee dhoobada iyo caag.
4. Rinjiga iyo warshadaha varnish.
5. Diyaarinta iyo Avv kiimikada (saarka sulphate).
6. Production of tigoodu nuclear.
7. Duulista iyo Dhismaha maraakiibta, injineernimada farsamada.

Vanadium - qayb alloying aad muhiim ugu ah wax soo saarka ee iftiinka, xoog, daxalka u adkaysta Alloys, steel inta badan. La yaab ma laha waxa loo yaqaan "biraha wadada."