The sifooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee processor computer ah

Erayga "qalab Kombuyuutarada" ayaa hadda loo yaqaan in ay iskuul kasta. Tani ma aha la yaab leh, sababtoo ah xitaa saacadood waxaa laga heli karaa waxyaalaha aasaaska ah ee nidaamyada computer. Awoodda in ay qabtaan xisaabta ay bixiyaan chips gaar ah leh Heer sare ah ee is-dhexgalka ee transistors - Processor. astaamaha ugu muhiimsan ee microprocessor ah (processor), gaar ahaan, loo ogaado xawaaraha hawlaheeda. Taasi waa sababta milkiilayaasha kombiyuutarada shakhsi waa sidaa muhiim ah in la fahmo arrintan.

Maanta aynu eegno waxa ay tahay sifooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee processor iyo siiyaan talooyin ay doortaan model fiican ee iyaga u gaar ah. The "data" Ereygan waxaa ka mid ah labada muuqaalada gudaha iyo hirgelinta wax dhisaya dibadda. The sifooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee processor - waa, dhammaan ayuu ka sarreeyaa, uu awoodda; tirada xubno dastuurka; xawaaraha hawlgalka iyo si bixi.

Ereyga "qayb" waxaa loola jeedaa lacagta macluumaadka in loo samayn karo halkii wareegga (hal socod). lambar Binary waxaa lagu magacaabaa yara. 8 gelinno ka samaysan hal byte. Modern CPUs laga yaabaa in ay la tacaalaan ka 32 ilaa 64 gelinno. Noocyada Gaarka ah Processor sidoo kale lagu gartaa karo by lambar kasta oo kale (4, 128 et al.). Haddaba technology computer waxaa sii kordheysa loo isticmaalo kombiyuutarka 64-bit.

Doorashada processor a, waa in aad had iyo jeer tixgeliyaan ugu weyn ee dabeecadaha processor ah. Milkiilaha computer kasta waa og yahay waxqabadka nidaamka oo dhan waxaa inta badan lagu go'aamiyaa xawaaraha saacad ah microprocessor ah. In suuqa waxaad ka heli kartaa daydo isku mid ka duwan midba midka kale kaliya by inta jeer ee hawlgalka. inta jeer saacad dadban waxay muujinaysaa tirada hawlaha hoose sameeya IC halkii unit waqtiga (caadi ahaan seconds). Dooro saacad caadadii, waxaa markaas baaraandegi by wareeggeedii elektarooniga ah (bateen). Tan iyo markii aynu ka hadlayno inta jeer ee, waxaa iska cad in dhimaya tani waxaa la qiyaasay in megahertz (MHz) iyo gigahertz (GHz). Sayidka, xaaladaha kale isagoo loo siman yahay, model ah oo la soo noqnoqoshada ah 3 GHz waa ka dhaqso badan 2.5 GHz.

astaamaha ugu muhiimsan ee processor la daallan qoto dheer xoogaa iyo inta jeer. Marka aad dooranayso processor a waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in ay bixiyaan ay tirada diirkja dareenka. Fikradda ah "multi-core" muuqday xad dhawaan, kaliya ka hor mid ka mid ah jiilka of isticmaala. Tan iyo markii ay jir ahaan wax aan macquul aheyn waa aan xad lahayn in la kordhiyo xawaaraha saacad of model kasta oo cusub ah, saarayaasha ay go'aansadeen in ay ku milmaan galay xirmo hal Processor badan isku. Oo waxaa jiray processor multi-muhiimka ah. ka dib, si gaar ah in ay tayadoodii barnaamijka bilaabay, sidaas oo kalena haatan waxa macno si ay u iibsadaan model multi-muhiimka ah oo kaliya. Dhab ahaantii, telefoonada xataa kuwa badan oo mobile hore u isticmaali Processor dual-muhiimka ah.

At waxqabadka final ilaa xad weyn u saameeyay size ee kayd ah. Si ka duwan modules xasuusta caadiga ah, transistors kayd si toos ah kooxda kaalinta in guryaha la mid ah sida xuduntii. Tani waxay awood u sarrifka data-xawaaraha sare. Waxaa jira saddex heer oo kayd: L1, L2 iyo L3 (oo ku qoran si of size sii kordhaysa). Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in kororka ee mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah 20% waxay keenaysaa in la kordhiyo xawaaraha ay 50% .Naprimer, haddii hore ee 256KB L2 ah loo tixgeliyaa cajiib ah, hadda qofna la yaabin doonaa multi-megabyte kayd heerka labaad. Doorashada processor a, waa in la door bido in model ah la xaddi weyn oo xasuusta khasnado. Ogsoonow in L3 looma isticmaalo on daydo oo dhan (iyadoo la sii xawaare sare ee xisaabaha).

feature xigta - feature a of naqshadaha. Go'aamiyaa sameeysa ah, in faahfaahinta ku xusan sida magaca code ee khadka - Liano, Sandy Bridge, iwm Tusaale ahaan, Qarni kasta oo cusub oo ah Processor ah soo saaraha isla leeyahay xawaare sare (paribus ceteris) ..