Serfdom ee Russia - kii ugu xumaa ee Europe

Serfdom, qeexidda wixii lagu soo dajiyey markii ugu horeysay, ku tiirsanaanta ee yaroow xoogga Rabbiga dhulgoosadka iyo dabeecadda maamulka iyo garsoorka, waana ay adkeyd in Europe.

on dchinenie maamulka garsoorka iyo maamulka ah yaroow dhulgoosadka qaarkood dhaxasheen. Waxay diiday xaq inay takooraan sirqoollada dalka iyo iibka hantida ma guurtada ah.

Worth zatmetit in serfdom ee Russia taariikhda dib u Kievan rus oo u socday ilaa qarnigii 19-ka. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee serfdom waxa lagu sheegay in ay "Xaq Ruush", kuwaas oo loo arki karaa in qodobada fasalka sharciga ee sinnaan la'aanta. Waxaa halkan ayaa sheegay in aadan isku hallayn karo addoon caddayn. Haddii ay sidaa tahay, haddii markhaatigu nin free ma aha, ka dibna waxaan ku tilmaami karaa boyars ku Chiune. Haddii loo baahdo, cabasho yar waxaa suurtagal ah in ay tixraac iibka.

Iibso - waa nin xor ah, oo u shaqeeyn jiray beeralay ah, waxaa la odhan jiray stinks. Nooc kale oo ah dadka ku tiirsan in Saarka Russia ryadovichi ahaayeen - waa beeralay, kuwaas oo galay safka heshiis.

Serfdom ee Russia xiraa dadka ee muddada u dhaxaysa XV si qarnigii XVII. Sharciga ka 1497 si ay u qanciso shuruudaha lagama maarmaanka u ah fasalka talada haya. saarka soo ridayeen yareysey ahaa rasmi heer-dejinta. Haddaba beeralay ah daryeelka kasta waxaa looga baahan yahay in ay sameeyaan dadka waayeelka ah - xaddi gaar ah oo lacagta lagu heshiiyay, ayaa khasab loogu talagalay oo dhan beeralayda. Cabbirka la goostay by dadka waayeelka ah, kuwaas oo dayrka barxadda ku taallay: kaynta ama suunka steppe.

In la barbardhigo shahaadooyin, muddada XIV - qarniyo XV, sudebnik wuxuu ka dhigay serfdom ee Russia adag. Tani waxay si gaar cad in qaybta labaad Sudebnik meesha wax soo saarka kooban oo fara badan iyo mobile ugu dadweynaha meelaha baadiyaha ah, kuwaas oo loo yaqaan novoprihodtsami ama qandaraasle cusub. Waxaan ka hadleynaa yaroow, kuwaas oo ku saabsan dhacdo muddada gaaban ee sannadlaha ah ama kale maray, in beeralay kale.

ee 1597 Code of Tsar Fedor Ivanovich siiyey xaq u leedahay in mulkiilaha shanta sano ee la soo dhaafay, oo ku soo celi milkiilaha. Term basaasayeen yaroow orday siyaadiyaa xukuman ee 1642dii, taas oo la daabacay by Romanov Mikhail Fedorovich. Iyadoo la tixraacayo orday yaroow baadhay muddo ka badan toban sano, oo laga dhoofiyey - 15 sano.

booska Conciliar 1649. Alexis ayaa soo bandhigay ganaax dhamaystiran oo ku saabsan kala guurka ah yaroow iyo "Maalinta Yuri ee" iyo sidoo. Sayidka, qastaan ayaa ku lifaaqan milkiilaha, ma dhulka ku. Marka guddiga 1 awood Peter by duba bixitaanka qorista. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in serfdom socday muddo dhowr qarniyo, tallaabooyinka lifaaqa ridayeen caadi ahaayeen gebi ahaanba ka maqan in Russia.

Waxaa xusid mudan in serfdom in Europe ma ahaa sida muddo dheer oo ay adag tahay in waqti Czarist Russia. Halkan jeer oo yar la soo bandhigay, oo waa la tirtiri doonaa.

Horeba ee bartamihii qarnigii 14-kii, shaqada oo ka mid ah yaroow, kuwaas oo sidoo kale noqday bakhtiyeen ka dib markii cudurku waxa uu noqday ka qiimo. Markii hore Yurub yaroow addoommo, hadda sida a status ay ayaa laga badiyay, laakiin weli lama free.