Saynisyahanka Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich: Biography

Founder of astronautics teori Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich sameeyey sayniska this qayb ka siman yihiin in ay ka qayb qaateen ee Tsiolkovsky, Kibalchicha Zander. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, aqoonsi ah u yimaadeen isaga oo kaliya dhimasho, marka furitaanka illooba qofka cilmiga mar labaad wada joogeen "amaba" jiilka soo socda ee cilmi ka dib. shaqada ee cilmiga ah ayaa weli ma yaqaan sababta oo ah inuu xirfadiisa ciyaareed ee noocoodu yahay.

carruurnimada

saynisyahan Future Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich waxa uu ku dhashay on June 21 1897 ee Poltava. Magaca wixii uu hoos ugu tegey, taariikhda, run ahaantii waa anagu, ama halkii, magaca qofka gebi ahaanba kala duwan, kuwaas oo la waraaqaha ah cilmibaadhe muddo dheer ku noolaa. Waxa uu ku dhashay sida Alexander Ivanovich Shargey. Wiil ayaa waxaa hore agoon iyo kiciyey iyada awoowe. At da'da 13 oo wuxuu aaday inuu ka barato gymnasium Poltava ah, halkaas oo ardayda hibada leh lacag bixisid si aad macallinka dareenka. Macallimow diray xiiso Alexander jihada saxda ah - physics, xisaabta iyo kimisteriga.

Horeba carruurnimada hore, wiilka muuqday Tuttosport Gaaloy. Waxa uu waqti badan baabuurta, ilo, marawaxadaha biyaha, bambooyin, barometers iyo curiosities kale qaatay yimaadeen inay gacanta. Ma aha la yaab leh in ka dib markii Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich ahaa qoraaga oo ka mid ah la yaab leh oo ka hor waqtiga aragtiyaha ay sayniska.

waxbarashada laad laadaan

fikrad kale oo qabsaday miyir ku Aleksandra Shargeya, waxay ahayd riyo ah ee duulimaadyada interplanetary. In 1930, warqad uu u diray Tsiolkovsky, wuxuu sheegay in in 16 sano si loo ogaado si sax ah waxa farsamo ahaan suurto gal ah ka tagay oogada Dhulka meel. Tan iyo markaas Shargeya lahaa isaga u gaar ah fikrad-ka dhalato. Ka hor dhammaadka wakhtiga nin gymnasium Poltava dhallinyarada uu dhameystiray qoraaladii ugu horeeyay - "Kuwa akhrin doono in la dhiso." In qabyo ah ee buugga mustaqbalka Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich diyaariyey (inkastoo aan caddayn) mashruuca safarka interplanetary mustaqbalka. Later fikradahaan uu horumariyo shaqooyin kale oo uu ku.

Markaas Shargey galay Petrograd Polytechnic machadka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, uu waxbarasho ma dheer ma socon. Soon Alexander la qoray ciidanka, iyo in 1917 uu ahaa on Caucasian Front ee dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka. Calan guriga ku soo laabtay ka dib markii Revolution October iyo xayeysiis Bolsheviks dhigis guud.

magaca cusub

Aad ugu dhaqsiyaha badan Poltava wuxuu ku dhex jiray dagaalka sokeeye ee. Shargey ahaa mid sirkaal ah, oo sidaas waxa la yidhaahdaa waa in ciidankii reer General Denikin. Alexander ka qayb dhiig ah ma aysan dooneynin oo ka goostay fursadii ugu horaysay. Labada sano ee soo socota ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa oo ku noolaa a booska semi-sharci, content ee shaqo cajiib ah. Waxa uu halis joogta ah xiray ahaa. In 1921, qaraabada ay awoodaan in ay u yeelo oo isaga baasaboor magaca Yuriya Vasilevicha Kondratyuka - University of arday Kiev, kuwaas oo u dhintay cudurka qaaxada bilaabay.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in ay weli ku sugan dalkiisa hooyo ee Ukraine weli ammaan ahayn. Red ama White soo bandhigaan yaabaa hooyo ah Poltava. Markaas cilmiga Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich u cararay Kuban iyo qaatay wiishka Krylovskiy ah. Caught in ammaanka qaraabo, ugu dambeyntii wuxuu Qaatay aragtiyaha uu of diyaarad u dhexeeya meerayaasha. Like wax saynisyahan is-baray, uu ka cabanaya lacag la'aan. Kondratyuk socday si ay u dhisaan uu gantaalka u gaar ah, laakiin hab ay u fuliyaan riyooyinkooda, mana Helin. All hadhay inay sameeyaan Oofirna waa inay sheegaan tixgalinta akhriska warqadda.

Kondratyuk iyo Tsiolkovsky

Kondratyuk isku mar la daraasad la mid ah laga sameeyey Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee cilmiga dhalinyaro ah oo ku turunturoodeen dul qoraalada uu sanadkii 1918 arrin jir ah "Nivå". Laga soo bilaabo wax ka, waxaa caddaatay in fikradda ah duulimaad interplanetary waxaa Waali ma aha oo kaliya Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich.

Biography Nin tani waa tusaale caadiga ah ee xilligii - sababtoo ah kacaanka iyo dagaalkii, oo wuxuu lahaa oo sanado badan in la ilaawo oo ku saabsan nolosha caadiga ah. Sidaa darteed, si ay wax ka mid ah Tsiolkovsky, wuxuu ku soo laabtay kaliya ee 1925, markii aan akhriyey "Bulletin of aeronautics."

"Fatxi ee meel interplanetary"

Waxa la yaab leh, labada cilmi in gabagabadii isku yimid, sidaas oo isticmaalaya habab kala duwan. Xaaladdan oo kale, wax yar ka hor ka mid ah saaxiibkiisa Kondratyuk Yuriy waxaa Vasilevich. Guulaha of physics ee la xiriira inuu shaqada ugu weyn ee - buugga "Fatxi ee meel interplanetary." Waa wax soo saarka ah ee qoraaga qalin ee 1926, markii uu ku noolaa tuulada October. Markan, wuxuu diyaariyey uu mashruuca ma ahan oo kaliya aragti ah, oo isaga la siiyaa faahfaahin iyo tirooyin badan.

saynisyahan The isku dayeen in ay daabacaan ah "furasho ah meel interplanetary" ee Moscow. Buuggu wuxuu helay dib u eegista wanaagsan ee Professor Vladimir Vetchinkina. Waxa uu bartay, dhaq-diyaarad gantaal oo sidaas daraaddeed mahad shaqada Kondratyuk. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, si ay u daabacaan buug waxa ku guuldareystay. Inta sano ee soo socda Vetchinkin kaliya oo ay taageerayaan la aqoon is-baray ah.

In Siberia

In 1927, Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich, kuwaas oo Biography waa tusaale ka mid ah taariikh nololeedka waxaa si joogto ah Baadi nin, uu u wareegay Novosibirsk. Dhamaadka kale ee dalka, ayuu u tegey at martiqaad ka mid ah "dubayaasha" maxaliga ah. xafiiska Tani waa mas'uul ka ah kaydinta hadhuudh gayiga dhowr gobol. More on Kuban Kondratiuk abuurtay dhowr farsamooyinka cusub ee wiishashka. Shuqulkiisa xiiseynaya Novosibirsk. Sidaas daraaddeed ninkii riyooday xiddigaha, ayaa noqday masuul ka ah kaydinta hadhuudh.

At saynisyahan meesha cusub helay saaxiibada iyo saaxiibo cusub, laakiin midkoodna mahad uu xamaasad dhallinyaro ah weli waa diyaarad meel. Oo weliba Kondratiuk xusuustay shaqada ugu weyn ee ku qoran. Wixii dhowr sano oo uu lacag ayuu badbaadiyey, taasoo keentay nolol spartan, iyo ugu dambayntii iyada gacmeedka dukaanka print degaanka diray. Daabacaadan waxa uu ahaa mid aad u gaabis ah. Typesetters ma fahmaan qaaciidooyinka adag xisaabta sayniska, qalad sameeyey oo mar kale ogalanaya wax walba.

Publication kitaabka

Bishii Janaayo 1929, ee "furasho ah meel interplanetary" waxaa la daabacay edition yar 2000 nuqul. Buuga ka mid ah 72 pages iyo dhowr bog oo jaantus iyo sawiro. Vladimir Vetchinkin qoray Hordhac ah oo wuxuu u bixiyey Kondratyuka waxbarasho ugu dhamaystiran oo dhan ka dibna jira, oo la daabacay ma aha oo kaliya in Ruush, laakiin sidoo kale afafka qalaad.

Maxaa aasaas cusub qoran Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich? xaqiiqooyinka Interesting kitaabkii been in xaqiiqda ah in uu ogol yahay arrimaha teori qaar ka mid ah, sidaas furitaanka ilaa suurtagalnimada teori inuu u duulo meerayaasha deriska ah. Kondratyuk diray hal nuqul oo Tsiolkovsky oo muddo bil ah ka dib helay a reply taas oo jaalle sare amaanay shaqada. Inta badan wareegga ah ee cilmiga ah asxaabta uu siiyey. Qaar ka mid ah kitaabka ku akhriyey baxay ixtiraam, laakiin waa lagama yaabo ay fahmi karaan qoraal ah. Waayo, kuwa kale hindisa iyo weli strangely lala yaabo.

Xiritaanka iyo xabsiga

Wax yar ka dib markii la daabaco buugga Kondratiuk oo ay la socdaan shan saaxiibbadiis ah ayaa la xiray laguna xukumay saddex sano oo xarig ah ku article 58-"siyaasadeed". Waxaa qoray denunciation ka mid ah mid ka mid ah saaxiibadii. Muddo ka dib, xukun ugu horeysay bedelay shaqo ee Bureau Gaarka ah №14 - «sharashka", halkaas oo shuqullada saynisyahano kale la xiray iyo cilmi. Waxaa Kondratyuk helay isticmaalka cusub - waxa ay noqotay in la qorsheeyo qalabka loo isticmaalo wax soo saarka ee dhuxusha Kuzbass ah.

Sidoo kale ku lifaaqan abuuray design Crimean ee dabaysha, analogues ah oo aan weli dunida. In la odoroso Kondratyuka by injineerada dhowr, oo ay ku jiraan Nikolay Nikitin biiray, ka dib dhisay munaaraddii television Ostankino ee Moscow.

Shirkii Korolev

In 1933, Dadka Commissariat of culus Industry cabteen in GPU sida ugu dhakhsaha badan ee suuragalka ah in ay lacag la'aan ah saynisyahan ah. Sidaas ayaa la sii daayay Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich. Photos cilmi maanta waa dhif iyo naadir, ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqda ah in uu ku noolaan lahayd dibedda, marka hore, ka dibna xabsi. Mashruuca tamarta dabaysha la ansixiyay, oo Kondratiuk xitaa u tageen inay Moscow.

In caasimadda ah ee nugget ee Siberian aan la Sergei Korolev, kuwaas oo uu maqlay oo ku saabsan inuu fikrado yaab leh teori kulmay. naqshadeeye Future of gantaallo meel u bixiyaan guests wada shaqeeyaan si sharaf iyo koox ka mid ah asxaabta sida maskax. Si kastaba ha ahaatee Kondratiuk diiday. sababaha lagu goan lama yaqaan, laakiin biographers heshiiyaan ra'yi ah in marka aad codsanaysid shaqo la xiriira mashaariicda military, Queen saynisyahan sidoo kale eegi kartaa NKVD ah. hubinta ma yabooho wax wanaagsan. Haddii xubnaha ka bartay oo ku saabsan aqoonsiga run Kondratyuka iyo xidhiidhka uu la leeyahay cad socday dagaalkii sokeeye ee ka, saynisyahano ayaa mar kale ku hanjabtay in ay xeryaha ama shot.

Masiirka ee theorist gacmeedyada

In 1938 Ogeysiin Commission All-Union ee Academy USSR u yimid codsi ay saxiixeen dhowr saynisyahano caan ah. Waxay weyddiisteen shaqo shahaado af phD aan difaacaneysa sha a, waxa uu noqon lahaa aqoonsi iyo sidoo kale-u qalantay guulaha cilmi, kaas oo gaadhay saynisyahan Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich. Photo ogaaday mashaariicda uu injineernimada iyo links inay shuqullo qoran ahaayeen sababta ugu weyn ee ah in la tixgeliyo dirayaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, codsiga waxaa loo saaray.

Dabcan, at heerka ugu sareeya aan la caadaysteen in ay tirooyinka sida Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich. Biography kooban oo cilmiga ka baxay ka baxsan kasta oo qaabka caadiga ah. isla sannaddaas, cilmi, ka cabsada, waayo, shuqulladiisa la daabicin, siiyey archive ah oo qoraal gacmeedyada Borisu Vorobevu hore u kaydiyaa Tsiolkovsky. Taxadirkan waxa suurto gal ah in loo ilaalin lahaa, waayo, adigaa ah adkaade falsane dukumentiyada qiimo leh. Shimbirrood macno badbaadiyey ka noqodo iyo khasaaro ka mid ah qoraallada ugu horeysay, weli dhallinyaro ah, ee cilmiga ah.

dhimashada

Marka dagaalkii labaad ee dunida bilaabay, ka mid iskaa wax kale oo badan oo guddiga qabyada ah iyo Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich yimid. Jirka iyo theorist ahaa ee lugta 62aad ee Ciidankii. Sida ku takhasusay, wuxuu mas'uul ka yahay xaqiijinta xiriirka ka dhexeeya guuto iyo xarunta noqday. Kondratyuka dagaalka ee la soo dhaafay ka dhacay habeenkii ka soo 25 ilaa 26 February 1942 on River Oka ee gobolka Oryol ah. saynisyahan The lagu dilay kulanka la Jarmalka. Meydkiisa ayaa waxaa lagu aasay meel u dhow tuulada Krivtsovo.

Inta lagu jiro sannadaha soo socda, marka hore Soviet ka dibna ay beesha caalamku si tartiib tartiib ah ogaaday muhimadda ay leedahay shuqullada Kondratyuk. In 1957, kulan oo ka mid ah Academy of Sciences ee USSR ah, ka go'an in ay sanad guurada 100aad ee Tsiolkovsky, Sergei Korolev akhri warbixinta, oo la qiimeeyo ee mudnaanta Yuri Vasilievich. Just dhowr maalmood ka dib markii ay dhacdo galay meel dhulka satellite ugu horeysay ee aan dabiici ahayn.

fikradaha Direct Kondratyuka ugu horraysay fuliyey Maraykanka barnaamijka dayaxa "Apollo" ee 60-mada. NASA Jidka for konton sannadood loo isticmaalo ka hor saynisyahano Ruush soo jeediyay. dadweynaha Soviet Wide bartay Kondratyuk 1969. Markaas, ee "Komsomolskaya Pravda" daabacday maqaal, taas oo markii ugu horeysay dalka oo dhan, waxa lagu dhawaaqay in cilmiga ah ayaa abuuray technology a on taas oo Mareykanka ku degay dayaxa. In 1970, guddi gaar ah garsoorka Kondratyuka xaq kiiska oo uu dhowr sano ku qaatay ee "sharashka".