Saponins - waa maxay? Calaamadaha, description

Kiimikooyinka saponins (oo sidoo kale glycosides saponizidy ama geterozidy) - waa taagayo of triterpenoids iyo steroids. Waxay leeyihiin hawl maqaar saar iyo hemolytic, iyo sidoo sun ah sida xayawaanka qabow dilaa ah. Saponins kala qaybsan yihiin triterpenoid iyo steroid. Waxay waxaa la helay in ay afkoda, caleemaha, ubaxa, xididdada iyo miraha dhirta. Waxyaabahan ka kooban yihiin carbohydrate iyo aglycon.

Description iyo sifooyinka

saponin kasta oo guryaha ay leeyihiin sifooyinka dhowr, wuxuu jecel yahay saamaynta caan ah oo ku saabsan noolaha noolaha. walax Taasina waxay keentaa in hemolysis iyo foomamka kolestaroolka (sababta oo ah qolof this lumiyo erythrocytes ay semipermeable). saponins Action keenaysaa in ingress ee unugga dhiigga cas ee dhiigga. Sababo la xiriira saamaynta this xayawaanka qabow dilaa ah carqaladeeyey Waafyadu.

organisms badan ayaa lagu dilay sunta, kaas oo la go'doonsan saponins. Waa maxay? xeryahooda Kuwanu waa amorphous ama crystalline walax hurdi hygroscopic (ama midab). Waayo, saponin waxa lagu gartaa barafku kaamerada sare oo kala daatay. Waxay awood u ah hoos xiisadda dusha, ay sabab u tahay taas oo ay aad salaantid xal ay aqueous sameeyaan xumbo deggan badan. In chloroform, benzene iyo ether preservative siponiny beelaya. Xaaladdu waa mid ka duwan biyo, ethanol iyo methanol. Meelahaas waxaa qase hydrophilic saponins L lacala monosoharidov content sare ee u taagoo ay.

Tusaalooyinka saponin ee dabiiciga ah

Ka fog qoyska ka mid ah dhirta ku jira saponins. Total saynisyahano qabto 40 ka mid ah kooxaha noocyada. The unugyada dhirta sida kooban saponins kala diri. Waa maxay? Inta badan, qayb ka mid ah ee Halabuurka kiimikada ee dhirta dhulka hoostiisa ah. saponins Triterpene waa sifo Caryophyllaceae, Araliaceae, digiraha, polemoniaceae, polygalaceae, hippocastanoideae, Rosaceae iyo D. t. Waxaa si ballaaran loo qeybiyaa dhirta sida likorays, ama ginseng, tus, Aralia.

saponins steroid waa qayb ka mid ah dhirta lahaayeen oo ay u ekaayeen ubax qoyska, figwort, agave, dioscoreaceae iyo On sidaas.. group waxaa ka mid ah sarsaparil, foxglove iyo Dioscorea.

Waxa xiiso leh, wakiilada flora ku go'doonsan saponins si ay uga badbaadaan wareer ah. Sayidka, glycosides waxay dhiirigelisaa heerka koritaanka, caabiga stress iyo hagaajin biqilka. saponin By beddelo kooban of pigments carotenoid ku lug photosynthesis. walaxda la soo saaray karaa caleemaha, halkaas oo la qaadaa inta kale ee geedka. xarunta waxtar leh waxaa u ururay ee unugyada gaarka ah iyo stem epidermal. In dhamaadka, waxaa galaa rhizome ah, ayaa mas'uul ka ah faafinta daaqsinka. Saponins waxaa soo saaray heerka dheeraad ah haddii ay dhacdo dhaawac unugyada geedka.

Hydrolysis iyo content ee monosaccharides

saponins Biological in dhirta, hydrolysis acid. Waxay sameysmi karaa kaxeynayo kelli la subaga, sterols, borotiinada iyo xeryahooda phenolic. Saponins (more hufan, qayb carbohydrate) oo ku jira 1 ilaa 11 monosaccharides. Iyadoo ku xiran xaddiga walax loola jeedaa nooc gaar ah: oligozidam, pentozidam, triozidam, biozidam, monozidam.

Xaaladaha intooda badan waxay ka kooban yihiin walxaha sida D-xylose, D-glucose, D-galactose, L-arabinose, L-rhamnose iyo t. D. xubno noocan oo kale ah oo ka mid ah saponins. Waa maxay? Monosaccharides - xarunta organic la xirrira silsilado carbon oo la jahaysteen karaa ama toosan ee. saponins noocyada steroid ka kooban 1-5 xubno sida, halka ay triterpene laga yaabaa in ay 10 ama ka badan.

fiirsato of saponins

Diyaarinta saponin ka alaabta ceeriin ee asalka dabiiciga ah waa la fuliyay in dhowr marxaladood. First yimaado saaridda (qaybaha kala iibsiga ka adag si ay u dareere ah la dareeraha ah). Markaas, wax ku keentay daahir iyo soocay.

Waayo fiirsato dareeraha horjeeda isticmaalo - ethanol iyo methanol uruureen kala duwan. Sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa xal chloride sodium. Mararka qaar, ka fiirsato alaabta ceeriin in ether baaraandegi iyo carbon. Aan kaxeynayo this nidaamka baabba 'aan macquul ahayn oo ay ku jiraan slozhnorastvorimyh saponins, borotiinada, sterols iyo xeryahooda phenolic.

nadiifinta

Habka A for daahiriyey saponins ka helay waxay ku xiran tahay in ay qaab-dhismeedka. Tusaale ahaan, noocyada kala horjeeda si liidata L. ee methanol iyo ethanol, iyo hoos qaboojinta ama Intaa waxaa dheer of ethanol si ay u sameeyaan dadajin sifo. Xaaladdu waa mid ka duwan kula glycosides. Waxay yihiin ka dib markii aloosnayd Barxo biyo, doodii khamriga, hana u milmaan biyaha. Si aad u nadiifiso saponins triterpene loo baahan yahay alkali ah. Sidoo kale ku simaha iyaga on, acetone, ether preservative, copolymer ethyl, isoamyl iyo butyl alcohols.

Hababka kale oo daahirinta ku salaysan yihiin guryaha oo ka mid ah saponins cusub, wada jir ah ula copolymer hogaanka ama hydroxide barium cusbo beelaya. rasiidka Marka laga kaxeynayo sida yihiin giirte. Hababka noocan oo kale ah waa lagama maarmaan si ay u sameeyaan ka saponins ugu saafi ah. Waa maxay? Tani waa ugu tayada sareeya iyo wax garad ka kooban nijaasta la Halabuurka direyska.

separation chromatographic

arrinta warshad kasta (tus, flavonoids, saponins iyo D. t.) U baahan maaraysay si taxaddar leh. iyaga nadiif ah, marka lagu daro hababka horay u tilmaamay hadda caadi ahaan loo isticmaalo soociddiisa chromatographic. Xaaladdan oo kale, ka D. isticmaalo qase sida acid acetic, n-butanol, chloroform, ammonia aqueous, n-propyl khamriga, methanol, iyo t.

Ka dib markii processing-soociddiisa chromatographic hordhac bilaabo reagents acidic - .. Phosphomolybdic acid, pentachloride midabyo, iwm Sidaas darteed, polyenes foomka saponins - xarunta roodhida conjugated. Waxay la rinjiyeeyay karaa in casaan iyo guduud ama casaan (iyada oo ku xiran qaab dhismeedka ah walaxda).

codsiga

Saponins waxaa loo isticmaalaa oo leh ujeeddooyin kala duwan. Tusaale ahaan, waxay ku daray galay wakiilka ka xumbaynaya in dab-bakhtiiyeyaasha la (sabab u tahay xaqiiqda ah in walxahan waxay sameeyaan Xunbada badan). Saponins ayaa sidoo kale waxaa ka mid ah hakinta iyo emulsions ka kooban, sidaas xasilinta kuwaas dispersions. Walxaha in kooxdan yihiin guryaha baabaáysa kala duwan, taas oo iyaga qayb ka mid ah saabuun waxtar leh ka dhigi.

Saponins waxaa loo isticmaalaa in diyaarinta cabitaanada qaar ka mid ah (tus, biir), iyo sidoo kale macmacaanka (halvah). Waxaa loo soo saaray sida supplements cuntada iyo nafaqada. Waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa in goobaha caafimaadka (daawada dajiyaha, tonics, expectorants, tallaalada iyo D. sidaas on.). Inkastoo faa'iidooyinka-daweynta, saponins sababta oo ah sumoobo, taxaddar loo baahan yahay marka la isticmaalayo.

Isticmaalka Farmashiiste

Saponins, likorays ayaa muddo dheer loo yaqaan ay tallaabo anti-xasaasiyad iyo anti-bararka. ku salaysan daawooyinka waxaa laga yaabaa budada ah, sharoobada ama laga soosaaray. Liquorice - saleysan kaniiniyada. Waxaa lagu daray si loo hagaajiyo dhadhanka daawooyinka iyo daawooyinka. Likorays loo isticmaalo in ay dhacdo cudurada viral maqaarka iyo xubnaha taranka, iyo sidoo kale shingles.

The ugu waxtarka badan ka barta of view of Farmashiiste waxaa loo arkaa qayb ka mid ah saponins glycyrrhetinic acid iyo glycyrrhizin. Iyada oo ku saleysan oo iyaga ku samaysan yihiin diyaarinta si ay uga caawiyaan dagaalka ka dhanka ah cudurka neefta. qayb kale oo faa'iido leh - flavonoid. xeryahooda Kuwanu waa flakarbina qayb iyo likiritona antiulcer haysashada, antisecretory, anti-bararka iyo saamaynta spasmolytic. Daawooyinkan waxaa loo isticmaalaa boog gastric iyo dyspepsia ama gastritis.

Saamaynta faa'iido of ginseng waxaa laga yaqaan East ee kumanaan sano, halkaas oo warshad this waxa uu noqday daroogada caan ah oo waa calaamad loo yaqaan "asalka u ah nolosha" ka. In Shiinaha iyo Korea, waxaa loo isticmaalaa in la karinayo. xididdada Ginseng leedahay tonic ah iyo saamayn kobcinaya, waxay waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida adaptogen ah. Funds ku saleysan reagents, kuwaas waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daaweeyo qanjidhada adrenal. fiirsashada of saponins ee ginseng gaadho ugu badnaan dul gaarey da'da lix dhirta.

Saamaynta on jidhka bini'aadamka

Like wada jir, saponins saameyn ku leh caafimaadka dadka. Marka la geeyaa saabka afka ama xub-axaleedka of sanka iyo indhaha cun-cun ay keeni. dheecaan An xoojiyey qanjidhada, taas oo ka caawisaa laga takhaluso xab iyo waxay ka caawisaa hawomareenno. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, midda of saponin in jidhka bini'aadamka waxaa laga yaabaa in xad-dhaaf ah. Xaaladdan oo kale, waxaa jira cuncun oo ka mid ah xiidmaha iyo caloosha. Saamaynta sun of walxahan waxay keenaysaa in matag, yalaalugo, wareer iyo shuban.

Saponins ay muhiim tahay sida wakiilada by kaas oo daawooyin kale si dhakhso ah u nuugo galay jidhka bini'aadamka. Waxay saamayn ku xiran tahay geedka gaar ah. Ka sokow saamaynta hore u soo sheegnay, waxay leeyihiin waxaa laga yaabaa in anti-boog, caloosha jilcisa khafiif ah, adaptogenic, kortikotropny iyo saamayn lagu durayo.

alaabta ceeriin

Mid ka mid ah ilaha ugu badan ee wax ceeriin for go'doomin ee saponins waa Aralia Manchurian. Tani waa height a geed yar oo dhakhso u kordhaya 3 ilaa 6 mitir. Waxaa lagu gartaa nidaamka xidid maqaar saar iyo nabadu la mid ah geed baar ah. Warshad waa wax caadi ah in Bariga Fog ee Russia, ay ka mid yihiin Khabarovsk, Territory Primorsky iyo gobolka Amur ah.

Saponins waxaa laga helaa xididdada Aralia. Marka Gaalada lagu isticmaalo dhirta goosashada da'doodu tahay 5 ilaa 15 sano. Roots go'ay dayrta ama gu'ga ka hor ubaxu caleemo. Waxay qoday la crowbars iyo majarafadihii. Markaas, qalajiyo ayaa loo baahan yahay, waxaa inta badan fuliyay qalajiya gaar ah, kaas oo heerkulka gaaro 60 ° C. nolosha shelf ee alaabta ceeriin sida uu yahay saddex sano.