Qalada bi'iyo "Hogaamiyaha": Tilmaamo iyo sawirka

jihada ugu weyn ee horumarka ah ee Route Sea Northern waa in la hubiyo dhoofinta alaabta ceeriin macdanta, iyo hawshan dalka u baahan yahay hoggaamiye qalada bi'iyo cusub. Hirgelinta mashaariic maalgashi oo duurka ku ah macdanta (kow iyo toban iyaga la xidhiidha saliidda iyo gaaska, iyo afar dheeraad ah la - la dhuxusha iyo macdanta ore, oo ay ku jiraan jira oo la filayo - hashay, Dudinka, New Port Dickson, "Yamal ee Barriga Afrika" iyo kuwa kale) Waxay u baahan tahay gaadiidka joogto ah. Iyo sababta oo ah muddo dheer, ugu deg deg ah, ka - kordhaya NSR gaadiidka, kuwaas oo hadda ku shaqeeyaan furfurayaasha toosan, kuwaas oo afar qaaradda iyo afar naaftada-korontada. Iyagu ma ay yihiin ku filan, maxaa yeelay, waxaa jiri doona casriga ah iyo waa in ugu dhakhsaha badan qalada bi'iyo hoggaamiye.

The xaaladda iyo hawlaha

In biyaha oo ka mid ah Route Sea Northern yihiin, sida ku xusan, sideed maraakiibta: Nuclear "Vaigach", "Taimyr", "Yamal" iyo "50 Years of Victory", iyo sidoo kale matoorada naaftada "Captain Dranitsin", "Kapitan Khlebnikov", "Krasin" iyo "Admiral Makarov". kaabayaasha Port ee ay horumarka diiradda oo gebi ahaanba ku saabsan horumarinta beeraha saliidda iyo gaaska, iyo soo bixitaanka maraakiibta cusub oo casri ah, waa waxa hoggaamiyaha qalada bi'iyo mustaqbalka, sidoo kale waa gebi ahaanba ay sabab u tahay macdanta. weel noocan oo kale ah la deadweight in ka badan boqol kun oo metric iyo in ka badan konton mitir oo ballaaran, waxaa lagu fulin doonaa jiido gaadiidka sanadka oo dhan oo dhan jidka badda. Speed, oo ballan qaaday in ay noqon hoggaamiyaha bi'iyo, qorsheeyay kharash-ool ah - qiyaastii shan iyo toban kuus kuus in barafka thickest.

design hordhaca ah lagu qaaday "Krylovskiy SSC" oo CDB "Iceberg". Laga soo bilaabo bilowgii, uu horumariyo cusub ee hogaamiyaha qalada bi'iyo shaqeeya nuclear- (mashruuca Luuk-110YA). Waxa uu awoodaa inuu bixiyo navigation sanadka oo dhan iyo in lagu lifaaqo dhammaan duulaan si ay u Arctic ah. Markabka ayaa waxaa la filayey inay u weyn - dheer in ka badan laba boqol oo mitir iyo afartan ballaaran. waxaa Power on geedaha, sida magaca mashruuca, qorsheeyey oo ku saabsan 110 MW (qoraalka ah horyaalka: Luuk - baraf-qabtaha ka, 110 - xoog, I - warshad nukliyeer awood). Suugaan dhan NSR loo baahan yahay furfurayaasha ah, oo awood u gudbo oo dhumucdiisuna waxay barafka la mitir saddex iyo badh. Laakiin waxaa jiray mashruuc kale - Luuk-120 MW, rajadii reer our raxan Arctic, iyo hadalka oo ku saabsan in la hoos ku hadli doonaa.

qorshayaasha

In qaybta galbeed ee barafka Arctic ah ma aha sida qaro - ilaa saddex mitir, oo sidaas daraaddeed siin kara furfurayaasha navigation waqti kasta oo sannadka ah, xataa haddii ay leedahay awood ah ilaa lixdan megawatts. In bariga, jidka oo dhan, xaaladda barafka waa arrin oo kala duwan. Sidaas si ay u taageeraan navigation sanadka oo dhan badda Waqooyi ee Route, kordhin nolosha ee hadda jira maraakiibta ku shaqeeya nuclear-qorsheeyey (hore loo qorsheeyay boqol kun oo saacadood, iyo haatan - a boqol iyo konton). Oo wakhtigaas this si ay u dhisaan oo wuxuu geliyey hawlgalka jiil cusub oo mashiinada double-qabyo nuclear universal, oo lagu daray hoggaamiyaha qalada bi'iyo ah (mashruuca Luuk-110YA). qorshe noocan oo kale ah ay jiraan ilaa 2008, markii furfurayaasha cusub u lahaa in lagu shubaa hawlgalka.

Sidaas darteed, ka shaqeeya nuclear-"Siberia" ayaa la casriyeeyay, iyo halyeeyga "Arctic" waxa uu ku dhashay sanadkii 1972, kaas oo si buuxda u daalan kheyraadkiisa, waxaa bishii June ee 2016 bedelay cusub "Arctic", awood u leeyahay inuu bedelo laba furfurayaasha - iyo baraf saddex mitir badda socda, iyo inuu ka shaqeeyo riverbeds. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, furitaanka micnaheedu ma aha in shaqadii la dhameeyay oo dhan. Ugu dambeyntii, qalada bi'iyo la gelin doono hawlgal bishii December 2017, haddii oo dhan u dhacaan sida qorshaha. Tani waa markab aad u wanaagsan, oo aad loo baahan yahay, laakiin ma aha hogaamiye la mid ah. feature waa in passability hogaamiyaha qalada bi'iyo barafka kordhin kartaa ilaa mitir saddex iyo badh. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa kor u kacay heerka of jiilaalka, laakiin maxaa yeelay, pilotage la siin doonaa iyada oo aan xad shuruudaha gudbinta badeecadda. waqti midna sano ama cimilada xaaladaha ka welwelin doona qalada bi'iyo Luuk-110YA ( "Hogaamiyaha" - mashruuc code ee kiiskan). Horumarinta ahaayeen mashquul CDB "Iceberg" iyo magaca OKBM Afrikantov (rakiban nukliyeerka).

Sidee waa shaqo

In 2015, dunida arkay wixii hogaamiyaha shaqeeya nuclear-qalada bi'iyo, inkasta oo kaliya diyaar u ahayd inay la odoroso. Bishii December ee sanadkii la soo sheegay in lagu qabtay Fifth International Forum ee heegan u ah Xarunta Cilmi Krylov xaadirka ah iyo mustaqbalka of Arctic ah, iyo salkeeda tusay balanqaaday model mustaqbalka ee doonnida. Waxay ahayd qalada bi'iyo ah, oo amiir u ahaa mashruuca 10510. Its awoodda la qorsheeyay in ay ka mid boqol iyo labaatan megawatts, waxaana la dhisay waxa ay noqon doontaa siddeed ama sagaal sano. Dhaqso la this aan suurto gal ahayn, waxaan u baahan nahay kaabayaasha sax ah iyo raxan xamuulka. In 2015 waxaa la dhameystiray design hordhaca ah, iyo in 2016 loogu talagalay iyo Technology. Haddaba diyaarinta dukumentiyada design. Iyada oo shaqo this, hogaamiyaha qalada bi'iyo cusub lagu celiyo doonaa noocyo kala duwan oo heer goo.

Markaas Kubinka ahayd madal caalami ah "Army 2016", halkaas oo model la mar kale soo bandhigay, laakiin kala duwan oo ka asalka ah. Mashruuca Design bedelay qaab la taaban karo. qalada bi'iyo Nuclear mashruuca "Hogaamiyaha" ayaa lagu horumariyo by shirkado badan. First of dhan, CDB "Iceberg" - sameeysa ugu horeeysa iyo Krylovskiy SSC qasab ku heshiiyaan iyaga design fikrada uu mid kasta. Xaaladdan oo kale, bannaanka ayaa si weyn u bedelay. In 2017, hirgelinta dhabta ah ee horumarinta bilaabay.

qaab yara

design, oo waxay yeelan doonaan Hogaamiyaha a qalada bi'iyo nuclear (Project 10510) waa mid gaar ah, waa ay awoodaan in ay siin taararka iyada oo loo marayo barafka, xataa sidayaal bulk waaweyn iyo booyadaha, kuwa hadda la isticmaalayo Route Sea Northern karaa ma. erayga A cusub ee taariikhda warshadaha Dhismaha maraakiibta geli doonaa waxa markabka kuma yeelan doono mid ka mid ah la mid ah iskutallaabta-feedhood muhimka ah (loox) ah, oo waa inay bixiyaan permeability gaar ah ee barafka, oo ma awoodo in uu sameeyo wax ka mid ah qalada bi'iyo class this. Samaynta ayaa loo xisaabiyaa oo helay xal cusub farsamo in hogaamiyaha qalada bi'iyo, kuwaas oo sawir khariidad la dhigayaa bilowga iyo dhamaadka our dib u eegis, si fudud looga gudbi karo xataa saddex iyo badh iyo afar mitir oo dhumucdiisuna waxay baraf iyo xataa shan oo dhan, waayo, xaareysa maraakiibta marin width ka badan konton mitir.

Iyo sida ay "khafiif ah" barafka (laba mitir!), Waxay qaadan doontaa meel aan yareeyo xawaaraha iyo toban kuus kuus. Iyo xoogga, qorsheeyay toban sano ka hor, horey u muuqataa in aan ku filnayn. Mid ka mid ah boqol iyo labaatan megawatts waa in ay leeyihiin ugu yaraan Hogaamiyaha madaxa qalada bi'iyo ah, 110 MW samaynta horay loo arkaa awood xad caadiga ah ee colossus noocan oo kale ah. Ka dib markii taxane ah oo qalada bi'iyo caadiga Luuk-60 baraf laba-meter u guurayaan xawaare ka mid ah qanjidhada laba kaliya, iyo waa ay awoodaan in ay jebiyaan oo wadada ma ballaaran ka badan lix iyo soddon mitir. Propellers on board cusub la samayn doonaa ee wax graphene ah, oo iyana uma analogues ee dunida. Alaabta Tani waxay gaar ah invulnerable in barafka, kaas oo beddeli qaabka loogu talagalay si mug leh ku xiran tahay xawaaraha ee qalada bi'iyo ah, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in xawaaraha doon aan la badiyay, laakiin helid doonaa dabacsanaan. In dayrta ee 2017 cilmi - tiro, tijaabo ah oo adag - ayaa hore u la soo dhameeystiray, iyo tijaabada loo maray. madaxbannaani markabka la qorsheeyay sideed bilood (muddada safarka oo aan ugu yeeray dekedda a), iyo muddada hawlgalka - intii afartan sannadood ah. Hogaamiyaha qalada bi'iyo Head (Project 10510) qorsheeyay in ay galaan hawsha 2024.

tirokoobyada

Waxa intaa dheer in madaxa weel icebreaking, sii in la horumariyo iyo kuwa kuwaasi oo ay ka wada hadleen hore ee qodobkan - waa qalada bi'iyo a shaqeeya nuclear-, oo amiir u ahaa 110 MW. Barakaca 600 metrik waa 55, dhererka - ugu badnaan 206, iyo width ah - 40 mitir, si qoto dheer - 20 mitir, daaalo - 13, iyo ugu yaraan qalliinka - 11 mitir. Waxay la qalabeyn doono saddex propellers. By Biyo wax Daahiriya tegi doonaa xawaare ka mid ah 24 kuus kuus iyo jebin dhumucda barafka ilaa 3.5 mitir. qalada bi'iyo noocan oo kale ah u baahan doontaa shaqaale ka mid ah 127 oo qof.

Oo barbardhigo, madaxa sifooyinka hogaamiyaha qalada bi'iyo (odoroso 105110). Barakaca badan - 71380 metric, dhererka 209 m, width of 47.7. Faar weel this waa isku mid - 13 mitir. Laakiin nidaamka nuclear-ka wax badan oo awood leh. Raktora waxaa jiri doona laba - RITM-400, labada wax soo saarka kulaylka 350 MW. awood weel A, sidii lagu kor ku sheegay, 120 MW. Sida laga soo xigtay kala duwan ka saaciday inay qalada bi'iyo ma aha kooban, qodobada madaxbannaani - sideed bilood. lambarada Interesting xiriir heerka weel patency iyo barafka: dhumucda 4.3 m - 2 Guntin, sidii oo dhumucdiisuna waxay a of 2 m - 15 kuus kuus. width ee channel ah, taas oo u xaarayaa qalada bi'iyo ah - 51 mitir.

At sare ee aad u

Waayo, samaynta furfurayaasha sida horay u qaatay go'aan ay dowladda Ruush, halkaas oo maalgelinta loo xilsaaray si ay u xalliyaan tiro ka mid ah ururada - Wasaaradda Warshadaha Russia, Ruush Wasaaradda Gaadiidka, Wasaaradda Maaliyadda iyo Corporation State "Rosatom" ah. dhismaha Serial bilaabi doonaa ka dib 2020. design A hordhaca waayo, maanta waa diyaar, iyo dhismaha furfurayaasha bilaabay 110 MW. A qalada bi'iyo madaxa-Hoggaamiyaha waa labo jeer sida awood badan sida hadda uu dhismo - shestidesyatimegavattnyh, sidii hore u sheegay in May 2015, Dmitry Rogozin. wajiga horumarka laga gudbi doonaa si qorshaysan waa soo jeedinta farsamada, ka dibna design ee hordhaca ah, ka dib markii mashruuca waa farsamo iyo ugu dambeyntii ka shaqeeya.

Oo laba sano ka dib, marka la gaaro dhamaadka June 2017, ee St. Petersburg furay International Difaaca Maritime Show ah, halkaas oo Aleksey Rahmanov, Madaxweynaha Dhismaha maraakiibta Corporation, hadlay wax badan oo ku saabsan rajada ku soo dayn doonaa dhismaha mashruuca qalada bi'iyo 10510 "Hogaamiyaha" ah. Waxa uu sidoo kale xusay in Wasaaradda Warshadaha waxaa maal mashruuc kaliya ee shaqada bilowga ah, maxaa yeelay, dhinacyada farsamada weli ku filan shaqeeyey. Taasi waa sababta formation of nidaamka dhaqaale dhismaha ayaa weli ma bilaabay. ciwan qalada bi'iyo hawlgalka ayaa hore u dhaqaaqay sannad kale. Waxaa markii hore u maleeyeen in ay sameeyaan in 2023, oo hadda lagu magacaabo 2025-aad.

Sida ay u dhacday

Nooca ugu wanaagsan ee furfurayaasha mustaqbalka dhow oo dhan ku takhasusay arkaa qalada bi'iyo nuclear 10510 Ruushka mashruuca "Leader", oo ay ku jiraan LC-110YA iyo LC-120YA). Hawsha ugu weyn ee weelka caynkaas ah - si ay u bixiyaan navigation sanadka oo dhan ay weheliyaan dhererka oo dhan oo ka mid ah Route Sea Northern iyo si ay u qabtaan duulaan si ay u Arctic ah. Warbaahinta badan ayaa xusay in Rosatomflot ballan qaaday in la dhiso markab sida a by 2023 ee Severodvinsk ama St Petersburg, oo uu macnihiisu yahay inuu sidaas sameeyo siin doonaa barnaamijka sotsekonomrazvitiya Arctic Ruush ah, iyo in muddo ah ilaa 2020 waxaa maalgeliya doonaa, oo muddo dheer.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in April 2017 Wasaaradda Horumarinta Dhaqaalaha dhexgashay soo jeedin ah in la saxo buuxa barnaamijka, marka laga reebo maalgelinta siddeetan billion rubles, kaas oo la qorsheeyay in ay maal-dhismaha markabka. Waxaa laga yaabaa in go'aankan waa la fahmi karo: in ay ka qayb sida mashruuca weyn ee gobolka waa ma aha oo kaliya. Dalku waxa uu leeyahay badan oo caasimada gaarka loo leeyahay, taas oo ah mid aad waxtar u leh abuuridda baraf-qabtaha ka, navigation furitaanka wareega hareeraha Wadada Sea Northern.

Maritime Difaaca Show

Thanks to International Maritime Difaaca Show ah, oo in kasta oo ay cunaqabatayn anti-Ruush, wufuud badan oo qalaad aad u dhow ogyahay mashruuca ee qalada bi'iyo cusub. Waxaa jiray taliyayaasha ka mid ah ciidamada badda ee dalal kala duwan, Xoghayaha Navy iyo tiro badan oo ah soo saarayaasha shisheeye, inta badan European. Waxay ahaayeen kuwo aad u xiiso qorshe ah in ay ku xiran tahay our ciidamada badda, iyo, mabda ', in ay wax dan iyagu ma ay abid ma dhiman.

Arctic theme - oo dhan gaar ah. Dhammaan mashaariicda ee furfurayaasha Ruush ayaa si fiican bartay martida ajnabiga ah, laakiin si qalada bi'iyo ah "Hogaamiyaha" danta bar ay muujiyeen in amakaag. Large furfurayaasha nuclear ku filan "Siberia", "Ural", "Arctic" waxaa lagu ridi doonaa howlgalka tan iyo 2019 si ay u 2021-th, oo kulligoodna waxay lahaan awoodda qeybtii - 60 MW. Markaasaa waxaa taas wada - hogaamiyaha, isaga iyo boqol iyo labaatan megawatts awoodaan in ay ayaaa barafka la shiidaa xayiraad ma jiri doono - ugu yaraan shan mitir qaro weyn.

fikradaha khabiir

waayo, weelasha icebreaking for sara kacaan, laakiin sababta oo ah maamulka raxan - iyo nuclear iyo non-nuclear - yimid baahida loo qabo in loo adkeeyo, - in khubaro Ruush in opinion this yimid. In dalka, dabcan, waxaa jira qaar ka mid ah khayraadka si ay u dhisaan raxan ugu adag qalada bi'iyo, iyo waxa hubaal ah in si buuxda loo sheegtay doonaa Arctic ah, sida xamuulka ah waxaa si joogto ah u koraya. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhismaha, oo weelasha Arctic waa ma aha oo kaliya kharashka dawladda ka qabtaan. Sida laga soo xigtay khubaro, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah si ay u horumariyaan deegaanka iyo in uu soo jiito maal-gaarka ah si ay dhismaha furfurayaasha cusub.

mugga shixnadaha ay weheliyaan NSR ah (Badda Northern Route) for 2016 ahaa oo ku saabsan toddoba milyan iyo badh tons, iyo dhalashada ee qalada bi'iyo ah, bixinta navigation sannadka oo dhan, ayuu kor u soo bixi doona si siddeetan million. Horeba by 2024 ballamo gaadiid ka badan afartan million tons. xamuulka ugu weyn - saliid, liquefied gaaska dabiiciga ah, biraha, dhuxusha. Shirkadaha ku hawlan macdanta iyo processing ee macdanta, ugu horrayn xiiso muuqaalka kore ee qalada bi'iyo class this. Waxay u yaboohi faa'iido aad u weyn, sidaas darteed ha iyo maal.

khayraadka Arctic

Horumarinta qorsheeyay khayraadka Arctic sannad ka sannad wuxuu kordhiyaa socodka badeecadaha ay weheliyaan NSR ah. Xilligii horumarinta warshadaha ku xiran oo dhan si ay daraasad ku sameeyo goobaha cusub iyo meelaha hodan ku ah khayraadka kor ku xusan, ugu horreeya oo dhan - saliidda iyo gaaska. Shaqada Tani ayaa weli socda muddo dheer, iyo natiijada ahayd warshadaha ka hashay, Kola Macdanta, Nenets iyo warshadaha saliida iyo gaaska Yamalo-Nenets, iyo sidoo kale waxyaabaha badan oo waaweyn oo kale oo jidka ka Kola si Peninsula Chukotka ah.

Xataa maanta, Arctic ah - waa siddeetan boqolkiiba wax soo saarka gaaska, kow iyo toban boqolkiiba wax soo saarka saliidda, shan iyo sagaashan boqolkiiba fiirsato nickel iyo boqolkiiba boqol - apatite. All macdanta in ay na siiyaan deegaannada, iyo xitaa ay adag tahay in wax tiriya. gaadiidka xamuulka ee Arctic waxaa gebi ahaanba ku xiran dhoofinta wax soo saarka, kuwaas oo, iyo in badan oo tobanaan malaayiin tons. Waxa loo baahan yahay ma aha oo kaliya baraf-jebiya, laakiin sidoo kale maraakiibta xamuulka tiro ku filan, la fasalka ugu sareeya, tusaale ahaan - Arc-7. Tiro ka mid ah baraf-jebiya waa in loo Laab laabi ugu yaraan, maxaa yeelay, wax kasta oo waxaa uu hadda horeba uga shaqaynayay ordo out of markii ugu danbeysay ee adeegga warranty.