Primordially erayada Ruush iyo amaahatay: tusaalooyin. erayada asal ahaan ajaanibta ah

Mid ka mid ah qaybaha ugu of waa eray ka mid ah erayada, barashada asalka ah ee erayada ku saabsan asalka ah ee isbeddel ah ee erayada oo dhan ee afka. Primordially Ruush iyo erayadii amaahatay waxaa loo arkaa kaliya eegaysana ee eray. Oo kuwanu waa labada layers, oo erayada oo dhan ee afka Ruush kala qaybin karo, marka la eego ka soo jeedo. qaybta ereyada siinayaa jawaab su'aasha ah ee sida erayga ahaa, waxa ay ka dhigan tahay, meesha iyo goorta deyn buu igu ahaa, iyo isbedelka lagu sameeyay.

Ereyo Ruush

Erayadan oo dhan ka jira afka, tixraac erayada. Iyadoo ay gargaar, waxaan ugu yeedhaan shayada, dhacdooyinka, falalka, calaamadaha, tiro oo kala duwan, iyo wixii la mid ah. D.

Ereyo lagu sharaxay by galaya nidaamka luqadaha Slavic ah, taasoo keentay in joogitaanka ay asal ahaan caadiga ah iyo horumarinta. erayada Ruush habaysan ee la soo dhaafay qabiilooyinka Slavic of, iyo qarniyo badan ayaa sameeyay dadkii la. Tani waxa loogu yeero erayo hooyo taas oo ay jiraan muddo dheer.

Sidoo kale waxaa jira lakabka labaad ee erayada: erayadii noo yimid oo ka luqado kale sabab u dhacdo ee xiriirka taariikhiga ah.

Sidaas darteed, haddii aan ka fiirsan erayada ka barta asal ahaan, waxaa suurtagal ah in ka jaraan erayadii Ruush hooyo, iyo amaahatay. Tusaalooyinka erayada labada kooxoodba waxaa lagu soo bandhigay in luqadda ee u tiro badan.

Asal ahaan erayada Ruush

erayada Ruush ka kooban tahay in ka badan 150,000 oo erayada. Aan aragno waxa erayada waxaa la yidhaahdaa hooyo Ruush.

Primordially ereyada Ruush ayaa dhowr marxaladood:

1. In marka hore ee, ugu da'da weyn ee, waxaa ka mid ah erayada midani fikradaha sida, kuwaas oo loogu talagalay dhammaan luqadaha (aabbaha, hooyada, hilib, in Yeeyi Cunto iyo kuwo kale);
2. Waxay sameeyaan ilaa heerka labaad ee erayada hoggamiye-Slavic in ay yihiin caadi ah in dhammaan qabiilooyinka Slavic (geed, iyo sarreen, guriga, digaag, kvass, cheese, iwm ...);
3. heerka seddexaad ee foomka erayada muuqday hadalkii reer Slavs Eastern tan of VI-VII (madow, stepdaughter, xabaalo, protein, maanta);
4. Kooxdu waxay afaraad - waa dhab magacyada Ruush muuqday in dhamaadka qarniyo XVI-XVII (macaanka, caalin, baadiyaha, rujin, leisurely, hal maalin, a Mason, pilot, khiyaamo, nadaafadda, iwm ...).

Geedi socodka ah ee amaahda

In luqadda la saanqaadi erayada Ruush iyo amaahatay hooyo. Tan waxa u sabab tahay horumarka taariikhiga ah ee dalka.

Sida dadka of Russia jir galeen dhaqanka, dhaqaalaha,, military, xiriirka ganacsi siyaasadeed ee dalalka kale iyo gobolada. Waxaa arrin dabiici ah oo horseeday in xaqiiqda ah in in our luqadda ahaayeen erayadii dadka, kaasoo aannu iskaashi. Haddii kale, waxa ay ahayd wax aan macquul aheyn in ay is fahmayaan.

Iyada oo luuqadahan amaahan Russified muddo, waxaa ka mid ahaa in kooxda ereyada caanka ah, oo waannu iska daayeen inay u malayn of sidii shisheeye. Qof kasta waa la yaqaan leh erayada sida "sonkorta", "qubeyska", "dhaqdhaqaaqe", "iskaashi", "dugsiga", iyo qaar kale oo badan.

erayada Ruush Native amaahatay oo kor ku tusaaleysan, muddo dheer oo qayb ka mid ah nolol maalmeedka noqday, oo caawin dhiso our hadalka.

erayada Dibadda afka Ruushka

Inaad noo luqadda, erayo shisheeye leeyihiin in la bedelo. beddelo Waxay saamayn ku kooxood oo kala duwan: hodonimada Afkan ah, fataahadda, kelmedo. Borrowings ku xiran yihiin sharciyada iyo xeerarka our. In erayadan uu jiro isbeddel in boosteejada ah, in dabagalayaal, beddelidda jinsiga. Tusaale ahaan, ereyga "Baarlamaanka" waxay leeyihiin rag ah, iyo in Jarmal, halkaasoo ay yimaadeen - celcelis ahaan.

Waxaa laga yaabaa in la beddelo macnaha waxaa oo dhan. Tusaale ahaan, ereyga "rinjiile" waxaan muujinaysaa shaqaalaha iyo Jarmal ah - a "rinjiile."

Beddelidda kelmedo ku. Tusaale ahaan, erayada amaah, "qasacadaysan" "konserfatifku", "muxaafidka ah" iyo waxa noo yimid oo ka luuqadood oo kala duwan iyo waxba kuma laha leeyihiin. Laakiin in uu afka hooyo, Faransiis, Latin iyo Talyaani, siday u kala horreeyaan, waxay ka Latin yimid oo u leeyihiin in ay "badbaadiyo".

Sidaas darteed, waxaa muhiim ah in la ogaado oo ka kaas oo erayo af amaahatay. Waxay kaa caawin doonaa si loo ogaado in ay macnaha waxa weeyi iyada.

Intaa waxaa dheer, waa mararka qaarkood way adag tahay in la ogaado erayada Ruush iyo amaahatay hooyo ee erayada of mass ah, taas oo aan u isticmaalno si maalinle ah. Ujeedada this, waxaa jira qaamuusyo, kaas oo la caddeeyo macnaha iyo asalka erayga kasta.

Qoondaynta erayada amaah

Laba kooxood oo ka mid ah erayada amaahatay u taagan yihiin nooc gaar ah:

• ka luqada Slavic ka yimid;
• laga soo qaatay luqadaha aan Slavic.

In kooxda koowaad ka kooban staroslavyanizmy a mass weyn - erayada, jirta qarnigii IX ee buugaagta kiniisadda. Oo erayadii hadda baahsan sida "cross", "caalamka", "awood", "Samo falku", iwm staroslavyanizmy badan waxay leeyihiin analogues Ruush ( "dhabannada." - "dhabannada", "afka" - "bushimaha" iyo kuwa kale. ) ayaa loo qoondeeyey guun ah ( "irdaha" - "iridda"), morphological ( "nimcada", "ka sokay"), semantic ( "dahabka" - "dahabka") staroslavyanizmy.

Kooxda labaadna wuxuu ka kooban yahay amaahda ka luqado kale, oo ay ku jiraan:

• Latin (ee xarumaha sayniska, nolosha bulshada, siyaasadda - "dugsiga", "Republic", "Corporation");
• Greek (qoyska - "sariirta", "saxan", shuruudaha - "micne", "erayada");
• Western Yurub (military - "HQ", "arday" farshaxanka - "easel", "muuqaalka", marka la eego nautical - "doonnida", "deked markab" "schooner" marka la eego muusikada - "Aria", "buuga-");
• Turk (ee "Pearl", "safarkii" dhaqanka iyo ganacsiga "bir ah");
• Scandinavian (qoyska - "baroosin", "jeedal") erayada.

Dictionary of Words Dibadda

Lexicology - sayniska waa mid aad sax. Halkan wax walba oo si cad u habaysan. erayadan oo dhan u qaybsan yihiin kooxo, waxayna ku xiran tahay calaamad muujinaysa ah, waxaa asaas.

Primordially erayada Ruush iyo amaahatay kala qaybsan yihiin laba kooxood oo ku saleysan Asalkeeda, ie soo jeedo.

Waxaa jira qaamuusyo kala duwan la kulmaan bartilmaameedyo gaar ah. Sidaas, waxaad wici kartaa qaamuuska erayada shisheeye, taas oo ka kooban tusaalooyin luqo ajnebi noogu yimid qarniyo fara badan. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah erayadaas ayaa hadda loo arkaa Ruush. Qaamuuska sharaxayaa macnaha iyo muujinaysaa meeshii hadalka noo yimid.

Dictionary of erayo shisheeye ee dalkeena leedahay sheekada oo dhan. marka hore waxaa la dhisay qarnigii hore siddeed iyo tobnaad, waxay ahayd gacanta lagu qoray. Isla mar ahaantaana u yimid dictionary saddex-mugga, oo ay qoreen N. Janowski. In qarnigii labaatanaad waxaa jiray taxane ah oo dhan qaamuusyo shisheeye.

Waxaa ka mid ah ugu wanaagsan ee loo yaqaan waxaa loo yeedhi karaa "Dictionary School of Words Dibadda", edited by aayadaha Ivanova. entry Qaamuuska yeedhay macluumaadka ku saabsan asalka ah ee erayada, siiyey fasiraadda macnaheeda, tusaalayaal isticmaalka, hadal deggan isaga la.