Pipeline "Altai" ee Shiinaha: design iyo dhismaha

dhuumaha gaaska "Altai" waa line la saadaaliyey jirridda gaaska loogu tala galay dhoofinta gaaska dabiiciga ah oo ka Western Siberia in Shiinaha. Gelida dhulka Chinese ayaa la filayaa on soohdintu waxay Ruush-Chinese u dhexeeya Kazakhstan iyo Mongolia. dhuumaha gaaska "Altai", kuwaas oo nidaamka hoos ayaa lagu muujiyey, iyada oo dhulka ka mid ah lix Ruush Federation idlaan doonaan.

Background mashruuca

Back 2004 dhexeeya OAO "Gazprom" iyo shirkadda Chinese saliid gobolka CNPC heshiis ku saabsan iskaashiga istaraatiijiyadeed gaadhay. Xataa markaas, Chinese ah waxaa ka fekeridda dariiqooyin oo sahay gaaska dabiiciga ah si ay suuqa u bullaalaya. Indeed, koritaanka isticmaalka gaaska ee dalkooda tan iyo bilowgii qarnigii XXI waa fog ka hor kobaca soo saarka gudaha.

Qiyaasta hadda ayaa tilmaamaya in 2020, Shiinaha baabbi'in doonaa in ka badan 300 bilyan oo mitir oo saddex jibaar gaas ^3, taas oo ah saddex jeer ka badan inta ay wax soo saarka (ku dhowaad 100 bcm ^3).

tallaabooyinka u horeeya ee

In wadashaqaynta heshiiska kor ku xusan ee March 2006 inta lagu guda jiro booqashada of the Ruush Madaxweyne Vladimir Putin saxiixay heshiiska is on sahayda gaas Ruush in Shiinaha. Saxiixyo in ay ku riday isaga Guddoomiyaha Guddiga "Gazprom" Alexey Miller iyo CNPC CEO Chen Geng. is The qeexaa waqtiga gaaska, mugga dhalmo, iyo laba duulimaad: reer galbeedka Siberia - dhuumaha gaaska a "Altai" Eastern Siberia - dhuumaha "Power of Siberia".

In xagaagii 2006 uu kasbaday Guddiga isku xirka, la hawsha hirgelinta mashruuca "Altai". In dayrta ee "Gazprom" iyo Dawladda Jamhuuriyadda Altai ah, oo xuduud Gobolka Banaan Uygur Xinjiang ee Shiinaha, saxiixday heshiis ku saabsan iskaashiga, kaas oo la rinjiyeeyay faahfaahsan, sida loo dhiso dhuumaha gaaska ka dhex Altai ah.

Years ansixinta iyo prikidok

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, mashruuca si fudud u dhaqaaqay. Waxay qaadatay dhowr sano oo wadahadal adadag la-hawlgalayaasha Shiinaha si ay u horumariyaan hababka ay maalgelinta iyo go'aan ka soo baxay formula qiimaha gaaska Ruush ah. Kaliya ee xagaagii 2009 dhexeeya Russia iyo China heshiis is-xaqiijinaya guusha ee is faham labada dhinac u dhaxeeya, oo xagaagii isla sanadkaas u dhexeeya "Gazprom" iyo CNPC saxiixay heshiis guud ku jirto caanaha ee qiimaha gaaska ku xidhan qiimaha saliidda.

In 2010 soo socda, isla laba shirkadood oo saxiixan ayaa sidoo kale kordhiyay shuruudaha aasaasiga ah ee sahayda gaas ka Russia si Shiinaha. Waxaa la filayaa in heshiiska dhoofinta waxaa la saxiixi doonaa 2011, iyo dhalmo bilaabi doonaan dabayaaqadii 2015. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani ma dhici. Wada-hawlgalayaasha Chinese ayaa go'aansatay inay xaddido sahayda gaas halka wadada bariga - "Power of Siberia" isagoo u saxiixay heshiis 30 sano ah oo ku kacaya $ 400 billion ee May 2014. Bishii September 2014 dhismaha dhuumaha gaaska ka bilaabay.

Maxaa dhuumaha "Altai"? 2014 keenay rajo cusub oo u soo kabashada ee mashruuca. Bishii November, madaxda labada dal, Russia iyo China ayaa wadahadalo joogto ah. Sida laga soo xigtay natiijooyinkii ay la saxiixay qoraal kale oo diiwaan ujeedka dhinacyada in la kordhiyo mugga sahayda gaas si ay Shiinaha labo jeer, qalab ugu weyn ee tani waxay ahayd in ay noqon dhuumaha gaaska "Altai". 2014 iyo 2015. Oo ay meel qaatay la eegaayo in isbedel muhiim ah, laakiin inta ay aan la raacin.

dhuumaha gaaska "Altai": news of bilihii la soo dhaafay

Horraantii bishii September 2015 Aleksey Miller ayaa sheegay in uu rajaynayo in uu saxiixo qandaraas u dhoofiso gaaska si Shiinaha via wadada galbeedka, taas oo ka badan inta badan loo yaqaan "Power of Siberia-2" guga ee sanadka soo socda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, heerka guddoomiyaha isla bishaas "dhoofinta Gazprom" E. Burmistrov sheegay in wadahadalo ay la Chinese waa mid aad u adag. Iyo heshiiska qiimaha, gaar ahaan siiyey "isbedel weyn ee suuqa" aan la gaarin.

Markaas, qiimaha saliidda ahaa konton doolar halkii foosto, hadda - in ka yar soddon. Waxaa cad in duruufo sida, si loo gaadho heshiis lagama yaabo hor guga, haddii qiimaha saliidda ay sii wadi doonto in ay is beddelid. In November 2015 madaxa Wasaaradda Tamarta A.Novak sheegay in dakkada in go'aan qaadashada on wadada galbeed ee sahayda gaas ay sabab u ahayd ariinta ugu dhaqaalaha Chinese. Tan iyo markaas waxa ay ka dhaceen xitaa more.

In macnaha guud ee burburkii sicirka adduunka saliid, "Gazprom" iyo CNPC yeelan doonaan in la helo hab cusub iskaashi. Sidaa darteed, dhismaha dhuumaha gaaska "Altai" in wax yar riixay doonaa dib u eego. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, "joojiyo" mashruuca oo dhan ilaa hadda ma jirto cid la socday.

line gaaska Route

Dhuunta "Altai" 2800 kiilomitir laga bilaabo saldhigga hawadda ee Purpeisky jira Urengoj dhuumaha - Surgut - Ufa. Waxaa gaaska ka Nadym iyo gaadiid doonaa beerta Urengoy ah ee reer galbeedka Siberia.

Dhererka guud ee qaybta Ruush waa 2666 km, oo ay ku jiraan 205 km ee guud ahaan dalalka Degmada Banaan Yamalo-Nenets ah, 325 kiiloomitir iyada oo dalka reer Banaan Khanty-Mansiysk ku Okrug, 879 kiiloomitir ee gobolka Tomsk ah, 244 km ee gobolka Novosibirsk ah, 422 km in Territory Altai iyo 591 km ee Republic of Altai.

Its dhibic final gayiga Russia noqon doontaa buurta mari Canas. Inta badan dhuumaha gaaska laga dhisi doonaa oo qayb ka ah waddada farsamo oo ka mid ah dhuumaha jira, sida Urengoi-Surgut-Chabrovsk, Northern Tyumen-Surgut-Omsk, Nizhnevartovsk Gas Processing Plant - Parabel - Kuzbass, Novosibirsk - Kuzbass, Novosibirsk - Barnaul iyo ugu dambeyntii Barnaul - Biysk.

"- West East" dhuumaha gaaska Shiinaha "Altai" in Xinjiang, halkaas oo lagu xiran doono dhuumaha gudaha tegi doonaa.

Xogeedka

Dhexroor of dhuumaha waa 1420 mm. awoodda design waa 30 bilyan oo mitir oo saddex jibbaaran oo gaaska dabiiciga ah sannad kasta, iyo kharashka guud ee mashruuca oo dhan ayaa la filayaa in ilaa $ 14 billion noqon. line ayaa la qalabeyn doono saldhigyada kombaresarada ugu casrisan. Dhuunta ayaa la qalo doona "Tomsktransgaz", kabista ah "Gazprom".

Dhaleeceyn mashruuca

Ma Qof kasta oo Russia jeclaa mashruuca "Altai"? Dhuunta ayaa la qorsheeyay in ay dhex Oogada Ukok ee xuduudda la leh degmada Shiinaha, Kosh-Agach Jamhuuriyadda Altai ah, taas oo ah hoygii dabiiciga ah ee shabeel barafka iyo noocyada kale ee xoolaha dhif halis.

Maanta gayiga ku Ukok banka hay'ad orodka gobolka "Nature Park - Zone Ukok Deggan", abuuray hoos daryeelka iyo amarka Jamhuuriyadda Altai. Maamulka Park dabiiciga ah, ayaa muujiyay cabsi ah in dhismaha dhuumaha si xun u saamayn doonaa ecology rukunka u gaar ah ee dabiiciga ah.

Waxaan ugu horayn hadalka ku saabsan qasayo ee ciidda, taas oo jirkiisa, iyo sidoo kale lagu qasayo ah hababka seismic (sabab u tahay qodista) ee gobolka of 8-9 seismicity dhibic.

Waxaa jira cabsi ah in ay is-bogsiinta ay waxyeello inta lagu guda jiro dhismaha ka mid ah kaxeynayo noolaha dabiiciga ah ee bay'ada adag Ukoka qaadan kartaa dhawr sano ee. Sidaa darteed deegaanka Altai soo jeedinayaa in la qabto design ekoekspertizu dadweynaha iyo samaynta sahanka beerta waddada la soo jeediyay, oo markii danbe u ilaaliyaan meelaha la socodka deegaanka joogto ah.

Ma suurogalbaa in hareer Oogada Ukok ah?

Su'aashani waxay ku kacay sanadkii 2006 masraxa hore ee horumarinta mashruuca. Xaqiiqada ah in doorashada ee wadada ku kooban yahay qayb aad u yar oo dhererkeedu yahay oo ah soohdinta Ruush-Chinese waa 54 km, taas oo ka waddaa weheliyaan buurta mari Canas, ku xiga si ay Oogada Ukok ah.

Waxaan deegaanka isla markiiba wixii talo si aad u hesho agagaarka banka on dhulka ee dalalka deriska la ah - Kazakhstan iyo Mongolia. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, soo jeedinta kuwaas oo aan helin wax taageero "Gazprom", kaas oo sheegay in version this ee wadada ku kici doona si xooga ka qaalisan, mana maamulka Ruush, afhayeenka kuwaas oo sanadkii 2007 laga sameeyey markaas madaxa Alexander Altai Jamhuuriyadda Berdnikov.

Wuxuu si cad u sheegay in wadada doortay sababo siyaasadeed, hogaaminta dalka, iyo ama "Kazakh" versions "Mongoliyaan" of tracks khataraha siyaasadeed oo aad u sarreeya.

In light of dhibaatooyinka hadda jira in xiriirka ka dhexeeya Russia iyo Ukraine, ayaa lagu qasbay inuu "Gazprom" hoggaanka u sheegaysaa ujeedka lagu doonayo in la joojiyo ka dib markii 2019 transit ee gaaska Ruush marayo nidaamka gaadiidka gaaska Yukreeniyaan, go'aanka hoggaanka Ruush inay waddo track "Altai" dhuumaha keliya dhulkeeda u gaar ah ay u muuqataa mid miyir leh.