Panjshir Valley, Afghanistan, juqraafiga, muhiimadda istiraatiiji ah

Panjshir Valley - dooxada a Dheer, oo ku yaalla waqooyi-bari ee Afghanistan ka. Laga soo bilaabo 1980 in 1984, waxaa jira dhowr hawlaha military fuliyay qayb ka mid ah Ciidamada Soviet intii lagu jiray dagaalka ee Afghanistan laga soo 1979-1989.

Taariikhda Magaca

Panjshir Valley ayaa loo yaqaan tan iyo bilowgii qarnigii XI. In turjumaad suugaan ka Afghan ee magaceeda macnihiisu waa "shan libaaxyada." Sidaas daraaddeed maalmahaas waxay u la odhan jiray taliyayaashii Sultan ka Mahmud awood of Ghazni, kaas oo xukumi jiray ee meelahan. Wuxuu ahaa padishah iyo Amiirka gobolka Ghaznavids ee Warega of qarniyo X-XI. Sida ay legend, taliyayaasha kuwaas oo habeen dhisay dam ah Webi Panjshir ah, kuwaas oo weli ka jiraa maanta. Local aaminsan yihiin in this ayaa ka caawiyay iimaan qoto dheer oo xoog leh.

Panjshir - waa webiga weyn, taas oo ah mid ka mid ah addoommo ugu weyn ee River Kabul ee. Waxaa ka mid ahaa in weysada Indus River. dooxada ku yaal Panjshir weheliyaan Hindukush loo yaqaan kala duwan oo buurta. Its aagga ku saabsan yahay 3.5 kun oo kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran. sarajooggiisu wuxuu celcelis ahaan in ka badan 2200 oo mitir heerka badda. barta ugu sarreysa waa qiyaastii 6000 mitir ka sarreysaa oogada badda. Xarunta tuulada Pandzhershskogo waadi tixgeliyo Rukh. Halkan waayeelladu ku salaysan gobolka.

waadi taasoo la micno ah

Dooxada waa muhiim istiraatiiji ah. Gaar ahaan si xoog leh u muujiyeen intii lagu jiray dagaalka Afqaanistaan. Xaqiiqada ah in dooxada webiga, taas oo mara waadi ku kala qaybinaya Afghanistan galay Qaybaha Waqooyi iyo Koonfur.

Waxaa halkan waa in ugu guulaha badan oo ku haboon baas ka mid ah qayb ka mid ah dalka in kale. dhul The kiiskan ka kooban tahay nidaam adag oo webi iyo addoommo in dhex taal dooxada dhexdeeda. Sidaa darteed, waxay u yihiin heer sare ah dabiiciga ah intii lagu jiray dagaalka. dooxada waxaa loo beddelaa qalcaddayda ah, isku taam u jabhada dagaalka.

Panjsher lahaa muhiimadda istaraatiijiga ah ee dagaalka ka dhanka ah taliska communist 1975, ka dibna inta lagu guda jiro iska hor imaad la Ciidamada Soviet intii lagu jiray dagaalka 10-sano ah.

Inta lagu guda jiro waqtiga dhan in Midowga Soofiyeeti in ay sii ciidamada dalka Asian, waadi, oo waxaa ka go'an in qodobkan uu ahaa mid aad kaalinta kulul map Afghanistan oo dhan. Tani waa meesha ay dagaalka yihiim dhacay, waxaa halkan waa in ciidamada Soviet khasaare ugu weyn ee shaqaalaha. Waayo, askar iyo saraakiil badan oo Soviet Panjshir ahayd riyo xun ee Meyeydaan.

dagaal kulul

Resistance aagga this keentay qabqablayaasha awood Afghan Ahmad Shah Massoud. dareenka badan ayaa lagu bixiyey in Salang Pass ah, kaas oo la colloquially loo yaqaan "cunaha Kabul ee." Waxaa halkan waxaa ku orday wadada ka Hairatan in Kabul. Waxay waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay wadada muhiimka ah ee columns baabuurta in waxaa loo soo dhiibay Afghanistan ka xamuulka rayidka ah iyo military Soviet.

U dhow tuulada of Rukh ee sannadaha hore ee dagaalka xarun loogu yeero labaad guuto Muslim, ku salaysan ee ciidamada gaarka ah oo kala duwan 177th. Guud ahaan, waxa ka mid ah kumanaan qof.

Tan iyo 1984, wuxuu ku salaysan 682 ciidankii lugta motorka, tirintii ku saabsan kun askari. Total unugyada anti-dhuumaalaysiga Ahmad Shah Massoud la sameeyay sagaal hawlgallada baaxad weyn. markhaatiyaal badan oo ka mid ah dhacdooyinka soo xusuustay, in ay ahayd xaaladda ugu adag ee la waadi Pandzhurshskom. Jabhada ayaa u suurtogashay in ay si joogto ah u fikiri weerar Soviet.

xiisad ayaa qayb ka ah ee dalka loo ilaaliyo, iyo ka dib ka bixitaankii ciidanka Soviet 1989. iska hor imaad First la taliskii Madaxweynaha Afghanistan ee 1987 ilaa 1992, Mohammad Najibullah, iyo ka dib Taliban. dhaqdhaqaaqa Islaamiyiinta in uu ku dhashay Afghanistan ee 1994 sida deegaanka Pashtuns.

Tirada dadka taal dooxada dhexdeeda

Tirada dadka of this dooxada, taas oo ahayd sal u ah gobolka Panjshir, lagu qiyaasay 100 kun oo qof. Xogtan ayaa waxaa lagu soo bandhigay in bartamihii 80s-, markii Ciidamada Soviet waxaa jiray colaad firfircoon.

dadkan oo dhan way kala firdheen 200 degsiimooyinka. Currently jirin xog sax ah oo ku saabsan dadka ku nool halkaas. Sida ay sheegayaan qiyaasaha kala duwan, oo ku tiil dooxadii ka 150 ilaa 300 oo kun oo qof ku noolaa. Asal ahaan waa Tajiks Afghan. Guud ahaan, Tajiks ee Afghanistan oo aad u badan. Sida laga soo xigtay qaar ka mid ah qiyaasaha, 11 ilaa 13 milyan oo qof, xisaabiyenimo saddex meelood wadarta guud ee dadweynaha. Waa dadka labaad ee ugu weyn ee Afghanistan.

Panjshir - Habitat meesha taariikhiga ah Tajiks Afghanistan. Markaas ku nool 99%. In waadi horumartay fiirsato of lithium iyo dhagaxyo sumurud. soo jiidashada ugu weyn waa Gorod ee Ahmad Shah Massoud.

iska hor imaad la ciidamada Massoud

By 1979, markii dagaalka Afqaanistaan, ka waadi waxay ahaayeen ugu dambayntii dhammaan unugyada ciidanka dowladda Afghan reebtay. Waxa uu ahaa gacanta ku waadaxa ah taliyaha duurka ku Ahmad Shah Massoud. Later, wuxuu xitaa kasbadeen libaax naaneesta Pandzhshursky ah.

In 1979, xoogga dalka in hogaamiyaha cusub, Xoghayaha Guud ee Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga ah ee Afghanistan Babrak Karmal Dadka yimid. Waxa uu dalbaday in si degdeg ah loo soo celiyo awood gobolka ee gobollada oo dhan. Iyadoo ku saleysan, Ciidamada dowladda oo taageero ka socda kooban oo ciidamada Soviet ee Afgaanistaan ku hawlan hawlaha dagaalka in la xoreeyo degsiimooyinka gacanta mucaaradka yimid.

Valley Panjshir Degmada cadeeyay inuu yahay mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu dhibaato saaraysa. Juqraafiga ee Afghanistan waxay ahayd in ay helaan halkan gaadiidka wadada ayaa aad loo ba'an ku koobnayn sabab u ah dhul buuraley ah oo adag. wadada keliya ee uu hogaaminayo magaalada Gulbahor marayo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa aan ahaa fududahay in la isticmaalo sidii isutagga Masuda uu leeyahay iska caabin aad u daran. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxa uu ahaa dadka deegaanka Masood. Tani waxay ogol yahay inuu si fiican u maraan dhul iyo inay helaan kaalmo ka barbariyiintiina.

Intaa waxaa dheer, waadi oo intaasu waxay ahayd waddada ugu wanaagsan ee gaadiidka sahayda hubka ka Pakistan iyo ururka mucaaradka saldhig tababar.

Masiirka Massoud

Sidaas darteed, dhab ahaantii, Ahmad Shah Massoud ahaa mid ka mid ah horjeeda weyn ee ciidamada Soviet inta lagu jiro oo dhan joogay 10-sano ee Afghanistan. Waxaa xusid mudan in uu ku dhashay qoys Tajik ah.

In 1973, ka dib inqilaabkii, in lagu qasbay maxaabiis in Pakistan. Waxaa uu ku biiray mucaaradka Islaamiyiinta, hogaaminayo Burhanuddin Rabbani.

In 1975 wuxuu ka qayb qaatay kacdoonkii ka dhanka ah ku guuldareystay kaligii taliye ku Mohammed Daoud. Markaasuu la diriray reer ciidamada Soviet iyo Karmal madaxweynaha.

Ka dib bixitaanka ciidanka reer USSR dhab ahaan waxaan u noqday taliyaha Masudistana. gobolka is-naadiyey Tani, taas oo ka mid ah gobolka waqooyi bari ee Afghanistan. Abaabulan ee xarunta of xarunta gobolka Takhar - Taloqan. Masudistan lahaa dawlad, oo ku saabsan 2.5 milyan oo qof, inta badan waxay ahaayeen Tajiks, ay lacagta u gaar ah, iyo ciidan 60000th.

In 1992, ciidanka Massoud galay Kabul. Ka dib markii in, Madaxweynaha Afghanistan noqday Rabbani iyo Massoud helay faylalka tacliimeed oo ah Wasiirka Gaashaandhigga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka dib markii dayrta ee taliskii Soviet, Massoud lahaa in ay waajahaan Gulbuddin Hekmatyar. In 1994, iyadoo ay sabab u dagaalka ee ay gacanta ku Kabul ku dhowaayeen afar kun oo dad rayid ah ku dileen, oo waxay qabsadeen magaaladii waxaa muhiimad baabbi'iyey.

Weli 1996, Taliban ku qabtay awoodda Afghanistan, iyo Masudistan noqday xubin ka mid ah Alliance Northern ah, kaas oo madax u Massoud.

Waxaa la og yahay in tan iyo 1999, Massoud shaqeeyey sirdoonka Maraykanka. Sidaas darteed, sanadkii 2001, lagu dilay inta lagu guda jiro isku day dil by ismiidaamin ah. Isagu wuxuu isu soo bandhigay sida wariye, iyo bam ku qarsoon camera video ah. Sida ay sheegayaan wararka qaar ka mid ah, Massoud ayaa lagu dilay on amarka bin Laden sababtoo ah xiriir la leeyihiin Mareykanka.

dagaal Panjshir

dagaal First Panjshir ka dhacay 1980. Colaad bilaabay on April 9. Xarunta Massoud Waxaa la wada baabbi'iyey, laakiin macquul ma ahan in ay ka daba mucaaradka sii Socda. Sababo la xiriira muuqaalka guud ee dhulka ku mashiino culus kaga gudbi karin. Waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah guulaha ugu horeysay ee Ciidamada Soviet in Afghanistan. Panjshir Valley uma muuqan si hanatay.

Natiijooyinka hawlaha loo arkaa guul. Isutagga Masud laga adkaaday, wuxuu u cararay, ayaa la gaaray dhaawac halis ah.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sababo la sharrixin, ciidamada Soviet go'aansaday inaan ka tago tuulooyinkoodii ee guuto degan. Sidaas darteed, waxay ahaayeen ugu dhakhsaha badan dib ugu gacmaha jabhada ka soo celin Massoud.

Xabad joojin la Massoud

Massoud ahaa mid ka mid ah dagaal oogayaasha Afghan, oo doonaya in ay xabad joojin ah oo la unugyada Soviet. isla markiiba xabbad hore waxaa soo gabagabeeyay ka dib markii hawlgalka milatari ee 1980.

Masood ayaa balan qaaday ma si ay u weeraraan ciidamada Soviet iyo dowladda, markeeda, waxay ballan qaaday in aan la siin hawada iyo taageero madaafiic ay dhacdo of shilalka unugyada Massoud leh xisbiga Islaamiga ah ee Afghanistan, hogaaminayo Hekmatyar.

xabad kale oo lagu gaaray ee Warega of 1982-1983 ee.

Natiijada hawlgalada Panjshir ah

Wadajir inta lagu guda jiro joogista ciidamada Soviet ee Afghanistan ayaa lagu qabtey 9 hawlgallada baaxad weyn oo ku taal dooxada dhexdeeda. Natiijada kasta oo iyaga ka mid ahaa gacanta ku meel gaar ah iyo qayb ka mid ah Dooxada Panjshir ah, kaas oo ugu danbeyn laga badiyay.

xog sax ah oo ku saabsan khasaaraha Ciidamada Soviet iyo ma mujaahidiinta Afghanistan.