Mariinsky Palace, St. Petersburg. Soojiidashada St. Petersburg

Mariinsky Palace ee Saint-Petersburg waa mid ka mid ah jiidashada ugu weyn ee magaalada waqooyiga. dhismaha la dhisay style ee naqshadaha classical calaamooyin badan oo eclecticism. Waxaa laga yaabaa in sida tarjumaad deeqsi ah classicism ahaa ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in madaxtooyada la dhisay Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna, gabadhii Nicholas I, kuwaas oo ku meel gaar ah iyada iyo ninkeeda cusub noolaa - Duke Maksimilianom Leyhtenbergskim in Palace Winter ah. ashtakooday u rajeeyay in newlyweds ku lahaa ay deganaansho u gaar ah.

Taariikhda Palace Mariinsky ah

magaalada waqooyi ee Russia waa xarun la aqoonsan yahay ee ku dhaqan dunida. Central Saint Petersburg waa kala duwan. In magaaladan waxaa jira dhismayaal badan oo diimeed, daaraha waaweyn iyo raadkeeda. Dhismaha ugu iyaga ka mid ah ayaa waxaa fuliyay in qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad. qaybta koonfureed ee St. Isxaaq Square, halkaas oo maanta uu ku yaal Mariinsky Palace, St. Petersburg, waxaa ka heleen 1761, hantida Tirada Chernyshevym Ivanom Grigorevichem, kuwaas oo loogu talo galay in lagu dhiso meelaha ugu badan ee guriga multi-dabaq ah. kacsiga ayaa la aaminay in naqshada Faransiiska Jean-Baptiste Vallin de la Mothe, borofisar, dhakhtar takhasus u leh oo caan ah in dhismaha kaxeynayo madaxtooyada. Thanks isaga si, St. Petersburg naqshadaha helay masterpieces sida Gostiny Dvor, Palace Yusupov ka on Moika ah, Academy Imperial ee Arts.

In guga ee 1765 Lieutenant-General Tiri Ivan Grigorevich Chernyshev la qoyskiisa guurtay guri nagaadi ah saddex-story cusub. Heersare ah - sidaa daraadeed waxa uu ahaa suurto gal ah in sifaha daarta marmar ah ka Italy keenay.

Bishii December 1766, Tiri guri nagaadi Chernyshev booqday Catherine Empress ah II, taas oo waxaa la kariyey kursi gaar ah magaceeda, fadhida oo ay kula ciyaartay kaararka. Maqnaanshaha kursiga Boqortooyada daboolaya buste maro jilicsan ilaa booqasho ku xigta.

In 1839, guri nagaadi Tirada la burburiyey iyo dhismaha bilaabay dhismaha a grand in ay meel, kaas oo loo magacaabay in sharaf of sayidaddeedii mustaqbalka ee Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna, iyo weli waxbay ushafeeci idanka magaca Mariinsky ah.

Diidmada marmar ah

madaxtooyada waxaa la dhisay by dhise AI Shtakenshnejdera, oo ku hogaamiyay shaqo si waafaqsan farsamooyinka ugu dambeeya. Naqshadle isku dayeen in ay u isticmaalaan sida ugu macquulsan ee qalabka alwaax, si loo yareeyo khatarta dab. Overlaps la sameeyey of guntooda bir iyo dhagax ah. Iyada oo Nicmada dhise gooyo ee uu ka baxay marmar ah, oo dhan goo gudaha laga sameeyey oo sandstone, derbiga kaas oo xajisto kulaylka muddo dheer.

khariidad

Aamino classical qalcadda soo jeediyay qaabka dhaqameed ee foomka of Suite dheer qolalka, la xidhiidhka kasta oo kale, laakiin meesha dhabta ah ee goobta uu ahaa mid aasaas kala duwan. jaranjarada Grand ka Aamino weyn ee xarunta ilaa dhankiisa bidix ee u ololeeya ku wareejiyay. Heerka pomposity hoos u, laakiin waxa ay noqotay diiran.

Dabaqa labaad ee dhaqanka naqshadda dhismaha madaxtooyada ayaa lagu ixtiraamo. Laba ka mid ah Suite, oo ku yaalla ee sala midaysan si ay u sameeyaan a Hall-rotunda. Next waa qolka nool Pompeian, ku dhagan qolka fadhiga iyo cuntada Oval Oval.

meelood

Duchess Maria Nikolaevna bilaabay qolka soo dhaweynta ah, ku xiga xafiiska. string A qolalka sii waday in ay qol, boudoir, musqusha iyo qol kale, geeska, ama Oval. garabka midig ahaa sagxada gaar ah si ay u dabaqyada sare tagaan. Waxay ahayd taxane ah oo taako falaatka tur, kaas oo socon karin ama koro buggy yar. On labada dhinac ee gamcihiisa waxaan ku dhex beeray dhirta qalaad, la abuuro jawi kulaylaha. Socodka waddo buurta cooshado leeyahay faa'iido on midab ee deggan xarunta madaxtooyada.

guryaha Leuchtenberg

Sayga ee Maria Nikolaevna ku noolaa qolal leh daaqado on Square St. Isxaaq. qolalkiisa bilaabay dhaweynta rasmi ah, kaas oo socday qolka la waraabiyay ah, qolka fadhiga iyo daraasad Turkish. Waxa kale oo jira ururinta ballaaran oo hub ah. Dabaqa dhulka si Maximilian ahaa cibaadaysiga kobcin.Waxa la daaqadaha wasakheeyey-muraayad. daaqadaha wasakheeyey-galaas ka keeneen magaalada Jarmal ee Munich, hooyo Duke ah.

End of dhismaha

Ka dib markii Mariinsky Palace ee Saint Petersburg ayaa la dhisay, waxaa la furay si ay u helaan dadweynaha. Qof walba eegi kartaa waxa at iyo xataa booqan kaniisad guri, oo ku yaalla sofiitada. Visitors ka ololeeya kor u fuulaan jaranjarada, sagxada ahaa furan qeybtii oo keliya, iyo soo baxay waxaa ka mid ah oo ku saabsan waxaa jiray saqafka lahayn.

Midiidinyadii oo ka timi ugu noolaa dabaqa saddexaad ee garabka ka mid ah madaxtooyada, kaas oo la magacaabay Sarkaalka iyo Chamberlain. Lagu gartaa xaqiiqada ah in dhammaan goobaha of Palace Mariinsky si xor ah sheegay, waxay ahayd meel meelaha xaddidan ama qolalka gaarka ah. Duchess Maria Nikolaevna qirashadeeda nololeed dibadda, oo iyana waxay ahayd la heli karo ee isgaarsiinta, iyo maadooyinka uu isku dalbaday.

Duke of Death

In 1852, isagoo jira da'da 35 sano ayuu ku dhintay Maksimilian Leyhtenbergsky, taasoo ka dhigeysa Maria Nikolaevna laba wiil - Eugene iyo George, kuwaas oo ka dib markii guurka lagu dejiyaa naagahooduna in qaybta bari ee madaxtooyada, halkaas oo uu ku noolaa ilaa uu ka dhinto hooyadood, Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna, kuwaas oo ku dhintay 1876. By markii ugu Mariinsky Palace ee Saint Petersburg ayaa la dhibteen deynta, iyo dhaxlay tixgeliyo go'aanka keliya ee saxda ah inay iska iibiso guriga waalidka uu '. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dadka iibsanaya ma helay, ka dibna dhismaha ayaa la saaray diiwaanka boqorka waaxda khasnadda.

Xarunta qarannimada Ruushka

In 1884, Mariinsky St. Petersburg ee Palace noqday khasnaddii boqornimada saddex milyan oo rubles oo noqday hantida Dawladda. , Emperor Alexander III July 14, 1884 saxiixday amar, sida laga soo xigtay oo madaxtooyada lagu dhawaaqey goobta rasmiga ah ee shirarka ee Golaha Gobolka. Oo February 1885 in Palace Mariinsky ku yaaliin Golaha Wasiirada guddiyada, Chancellery State iyo Xafiiska Gaarka ah ee weyddiisato oo uu Weynaha.

quduusnaanta

February 11, 1885 Mariinsky Palace ayaa la naadiyey xarunta qarannimada Ruush. wadaaddadii goobjoog qabtay adeeg gaar ah quduuskadhigidda oo ka mid ah dhismaha iyo gudaha.

Marka in 1905 la aasaasay Duma Gobolka, ayaa ballaarin Council Gobolka. rotunda ee daarta boqornimada waa laga mar dambe meel dhammaan ka qaybgalayaasha. Under qolka qaaday beerta jiilaalka, kaas oo la qoto dheer habeeyo, iyo October 15, 1908, Golaha State ayaa ka shaqeeya deegaanka cusub.

waqti cusub

February The Revolution ee 1917 sano, wax badan ayaa isbedelay ee dalka. First of dhan, waxaa jiray dowladda ku meelgaarka, oo waxaa lagu haynayaa Palace Mariinsky oo waxay u adeegeen ilaa August. Markaas waxaa waa komishanka All-Russia doorashada Golaha Wakiillada. Ka dib markii Revolution October ee Palace Mariinsky ee xoog buuxa dhaqaaqay Dadka Commissariat hantida iyo Golaha Dhaqaalaha Sare.

Dalxiisyada ee St. Petersburg

In magaalada on Neva ku jira masterpieces badan oo naqshadda dhismaha, gaboobay iyo casriga. Cathedrals la saanqaadi la dhismayaasha madaniga ah, laakiin dhismaha kasta - waa qayb ka mid ah taariikhda. caasimada Northern guud ahaan - waa dhaxalkii dhaqan of Russia, conglomerate ka mid ah guulaha ee farshaxanka iyo naqshadaha. Inta goobaha dalxiiska grand si ay u sahamiyaan qayb yar oo iyaga ka mid ah waxay u baahan yihiin in ka badan hal toddobaad. Sidaa darteed, dalxiisyada waxaa loo habeeyey St. Petersburg, taas oo ka mid ah booqasho ugu badnaan waqti ugu yar. Koox kasta oo dalxiisayaal ku weheliyay hage, iyo basaska raaxo leh waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida gaadiidka.

Mariinsky Palace maanta - waxay sidoo kale ay dhaxalka dhaqanka ee Russia, oo uu booqasho ku jira oo dhan wadooyinka dalxiiska. On maalmaha caadiga ah, rooga waxaa laga daawan karaa ka baxsan, laakiin maalmaha fasaxa ah waxa uu noqonayaa mid gudaha laga heli karo. Barnaamijka waxaa ka mid ah booqasho ku soo jiidashada taariikhiga ah ee magaalada ayaa sidoo kale waxaa ka mid ah St. Isxaaq Square, oo dhan ee St. Petersburg iyadoo halkaas tiir xusuus ah in Peter aniga iyo Nicholas I, daaraheeda waaweyn, halyeeyga hotel "Angleterre". Gaar ahaan xiiso leh in ay booqdaan St. Isxaaq Cathedral la pilasters malachite gaar ah, dabaqa saqafka, gaar dabaqa humaag, lagu daydo naqshadda cajiib sax ah Serf Linden Maksimom Salinym sameeyey.

Kadib markii uu booqday cathedral ah, waxaad tagi kartaa Palace Mariinsky ah, kuwaas oo cinwaanka waa: Square St. Isxaaq, Dhismaha 6.