Magacyada taargooyinka ugu weyn ee Dhulka. Versions of formation meeraha

Sidee ku qaaradood iyo jasiiradaha? Maxaa go'aamiyo magaca taargooyinka weyn dhulka? Halkee sameeyey dhulkeenna?

Sida ay kulligood waxay bilaabeen?

Mid kasta oo abid ka yaabay, oo ku saabsan asalka ah ee dhulkeenna. Waayo, dadka si qoto dheer diinta waa mid fudud: Ilaah abuuray Dhulka 7 maalmood - muddo. Waxay yihiin kuwa Samra ee ay aaminsan yihiin, xitaa og magacyada waaweyn ee taarikada lithospheric, sameeyay ay sabab u tahay horumar ah ee dusha meeraha ee. Dadkaas iyaga ah, dhalashada of our qalcad - waa mucjiso, oo ma dood geophysicists, saynisyahano iyo cirbixiyeyaasha aadan awoodin in aad si kale qanciyo.

Qubarada, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay leeyihiin aragti kala duwan oo ku salaysan fikradaha iyo fikrado. Imeeno ay qiyaasid, riixdo oo sii pridumavayut agagaarka magaca. Inta badan guntooda badan oo Dhulka waxaa sidoo kale saamaysay.

Halkaa marka ay marayso, ma waxaa loo yaqaan sida adag waxaa, laakiin waxaa jira wax badan oo fikrado xiiso leh. In culimada si wadajir ah isku raacay in mar waxaa jiray hal giganstsky a waynaha oo sabab u ah masiibooyinka dabiiciga ah iyo geedi socodka on qaybaha kala qaybsan. Sidoo kale, culumadu lala iman lahaa ma aha oo kaliya magaca taargooyinka weyn ee dhulka, laakiin sidoo kale loo aqoonsaday yar.

Aragtida ayaa qarka u saaran khiyaali

Tusaale ahaan, IMMANUEL KANT iyo Per Laplas - saynisyahano laga Germany - rumeysan yahay in caalamka oo dhan ka soo nebula gas iyo Earth - meeraha waa si tartiib tartiib ah uu qaboobo, qolof ah waa - wax la mid ah dusha la qaboojiyey.

Saynisyahan kale, Otto Yulevich Shmidt, rumeysan yahay in qorraxda sida maraa qayb ka mid ah ay daruur gaas-boodhka ka dambeeya qabsaday. Uu version waa in Earth ahaa walax aan marnaba si buuxda la shubay oo asal ahaan ahaa meeraha a qabow.

Haddii aad aaminsan tahay aragtida ah saynisyahan British Fred Hoyle, qorraxda ahaa xiddiga-mataanaha, kaas oo ku qarxay sida supernovaer ah. Ku dhowaad dhammaan xubnihii tuuray masaafo weyn iyo tirada yar ee ku haray hareeraha qorraxda galay meeraha a jeestay. Mid ka mid ah jajabkii kuwaas oo noqday ishaartay Dadka.

Version sida cadayn ah

Dhacdada ugu badan ee taariikhda dhulka waa sida soo socota:

• About 7 bilyan oo sano ka hor la aasaasay meeraha aasaasiga ah qabow, ka dibna khayraadka ay si tartiib ah u bilaabay inuu kululeeyo ilaa.
• Markaas, inta lagu guda jiro waxa loogu yeero "da'da moon" gubanaya dhagax dab kulul ku shubtay tiro wayn oo dusha. Tani waxay keentay in formation of hawada hoose iyo wadadii uu formation of qolof ah - lithosphere.
• Sababo la xiriira jawiga at meeraha hoose muuqday badaha, dheehan dalka qariyeen qolof ah oo cufan, oo ka dhigan maddiibadihii badda dulmari iyo protrusions qaaradda. Oo waagaas meesha biyaha aad uga badan yihiin badan deegaanka dalka. By habka, dhulka udubyadiisa iyo sare go'iisii waxaa lagu magacaabaa lithosphere ah, kuwaas oo foomamka taarikada lithosphere uu ka samaysan yahay guud ahaan "qaab" ee dhulka ku. Magacyada ku xir asalkooda sibidhka ah ugu weyn ee u dhigma oo ay ku taalo juqraafi ahaan.

kala Rafaa

Sida qaaradood sameeyay iyo ulo lithospheric? About 250 milyan oo sano ka hor Earth fiiriyey arrin qalad ah, sida ay hadda tahay. Markaas caalamka ka mid ahaa oo keliya, kaliya isku, qaaradda Rafaa yeedhay Pangea. meesha ay guud ahaan waa mid cajiib ah oo uu la siman yahay aagga oo dhan qaaradood hadda jira, ay ka mid yihiin jasiiradaha. Pangea on dhinacyada oo dhan by badda, taas oo la odhan jiray Panthalassa. Tani badda weyn qabsadeen inta kale ee dusha meeraha ee.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, jiritaanka supercontinent ahaa muddo kooban ah. Inside Dhulka seethed geedi socodka, taasoo keentay in walax go'iisii bilaabay inuu ku faafay jiho kasta, si tartiib ah u taagay waynaha. Taas darteed, Pangea horeysay goostay galay 2 qaybood, la xirrira laba qaaradood - Laurasia iyo Gondwana. Markaas qaaradood ee si tartiib ah kala gogo badan, kaas oo si tartiib tartiib ah ay siyaabo kala gooni ah u baxay. Waxa intaa dheer in qaaradood cusub, muuqatay taarikada lithospheric. Laga soo bilaabo horyaalka ee taargooyinka ugu weyn waxa uu noqonayaa mid cad in dillaacyada Rafaa waxa meelo ayaa la aasaasay.

Haraadiga Gondwana - Taasaynu ku garanaynaa Australia iyo Jacaylku, sidoo kale South Africa iyo taarikada lithospheric Afrika. Waxaa la tijaabiyey in taarikada iyo in aannu mar si tartiib tartiib ah fido - ka xawaaraha dhaqdhaqaaqa of 2 cm per sanadka.

North American iyo Eurasian - firdhadka Laurasia galay laba birood lithospheric jeestay. Xaaladdan oo kale, Eurasia ma aha oo kaliya ka goosin ka mid ah Laurasia, laakiin sidoo kale qeyb ka ah Gondwana. Magacyada guntooda ugu weyn in ay u sameeyaan Eurasia - Hindustan, Carabta iyo Eurasian.

In formation of qaaradda Eurasian toos ah ugu lug Africa. Her saxan lithospheric si tartiib ah u dhaqaaqin u dhaw in ay Eurasian ah, la xirrira buuraha, iyo kuraha. Waa sababta oo ah taasi "Isbahaysiga" baxday Carpathians, Pyrenees, Ore Mountains, ee Alps iyo Sudetenland ah.

List of taarikada lithospheric

Magacyada taargooyinka ugu weyn waa sida soo socota:

• South American,
• Australian;
• Eurasian;
• North American;
• Antarctic;
• Pacific,
• South American,
• Hindustan.

Taarikada ee size dhexdhexaad ah - waa:

• xanjo,
• Nazca;
• Scotia;
• Filipino,
• qumbaha,
• Strait of Juan de Fuca.