Halkee waa xarunta of Europe?

barta on dusha dhulka ee, loo qoondeeyey sida xarunta dalka ama qaarada leedahay awood weyn marka la eego ganacsiga dalxiiska. In da'da sawir hagaajin ay goobta ee xarunta of qayb ka mid ah dunida oo dhan - arrin sharaf for socotada kasta.

Xarunta of Europe ayaa maanta ma laha meel la aqoonsan yahay, horyaalka uu sheegay in ay dhowr magaalo iyo tuulooyinkoodii ee dalal kala duwan.

xisaabinta hababka

Madmadowga baxdo ogaado xarunta juqraafiyeed ee siyaabo kala duwan si ay u xisaabiso. Waxay hoos u karkariyo in xoogaa fursado ah:

• Xisaabinta boos ee xarunta of cuf of qaabab gaar ah.
• qiyaas ee xarunta dusha of cuf dhulka ka, iyada oo la tixgelinayo sphericity ee caalamka.
• Helitaanka dhibic meelsha xuduudaha dhulka ee ka.
• Xisaabinta ee meesha uu dhibic ka mid ah isgoyska of qaybaha ku xira pairwise qodobada waqooyiga iyo koonfurta, galbeedka iyo bariga xad-dhaaf ah - Media Center.

Habka ugu dambaysta ayaa lagu qeexay xarunta juquraafi ahaaneed ee Europe ee 1775 astronomer maxkamadda iyo cartographer ah Polish King Augustus Shimon Anthony Sobekrayskim. dhibic ka mid ah khadadka isgoyska taas oo ku xiran Portugal iyo Bartamaha Ural, South Norway iyo Greece, yaal isuduwaha 53 ° 34'39 "p. m., 23 ° 06'22" a. d. Halkaa marka ay marayso, magaalada Suchowola, meel u dhow Bialystok, ee dhulka joogo-maalin Poland, ayaa waxaa ka taagay calaamad xusuus.

Xisaabaha qarnigii XIX ah

In 1815, xarunta of Europe loo dhigay at isuduwaha 48 ° 44'37 "p M., 18 ° 55'50." In. e., kaas oo ku yaalla meel u dhow magaalada Kremnica, at St. Baabtiisaha Church Yooxanaa. gayiga jooga-maalin Slovakia. Hababka Xisaabinta aan la sii raagayaan, laakiin waxaa jira version a waa xarunta of goobada yar qoro dulmar ah ee Europe. Sidee lagu qeexay xuduudaheeda, waxa kale oo aan la garanayn.

In 1887, geographers ah Empire Austro-Hungarian inta lagu guda jiro saarista ee tareenka cusub ee Transcarpathia dhigay rin la wadataa 48 ° 30 '. w., 23 ° 23 'ee. e., waxaa qeexaya sida midpoint oo ka mid ah qiyamka xad-dhaaf ah oo ka mid ah loolka iyo dhigaha ee World Hore. Xaruntu waxay of Europe ee ay version waxa uu ku yaalaa on bangiyada of River Tisza, oo u dhow tuulada Yukreeniyaan of Business. In times Soofiyeeti, ansaxnimada xisaabinta ayaa la xaqiijiyay, iyo olole oo dhan sumcad qof kasta runta ah oo duwanaansho this xarunta juquraafi ahaaneed ee Europe dhaadhiciyo lagu qabtay.

Xarunta kale oo ka mid ah Yurub qayb ka mid ah dunida oo dhan la goostay dhamaadka qarnigii XIX ee foomka buuraha Tillenberg u dhow magaalada Eğer in Bohemia, Czech Republic, taas oo sidoo kale calaamad xusuus lagu rakibay, iyo xaqiiqda waxaa si firfircoon loo isticmaalo ujeeddooyin xayaysiis by madaxda tuulooyinka dariska ah.

The "ku warameyso jariirada" taallo ugu

In 1989, saynisyahano ka Geographic Machadka Qaranka ee France caddeeyo xuduudaha qaybta Yurub ee dunida oo dhan, iyo habka ay u la xisaabinayo xarunta of cuf ee tiradaasi joomatari qeexay contours oo ka mid ah qaybaha ugu da'da weyn dunida, go'aamisay in xarunta juquraafi ahaaneed ee Europe waxa uu ku yaalaa at isuduwaha 54 ° 54 's. w., 25 ° 19 'ee. d. Waxay ku taalaa Lithuania, 26 km ka Vilnius, oo u dhow tuulada Purnushkyay.

Waaxda State ee Dalxiiska ee dalka mahad muhiimadda ay meeshan iyada oo loo adeegsanayo jiitay martida ajnabiga ah, iyo in 2004 park la halkaan ka furmay Europe. Waxaa ka mid ah park farshaxan ah, taas oo in ka badan 90 shuqullada by fannaaniinta casriga ah 27 dal. Xaruntu waxay juquraafi ahaaneed ee Europe waxaa loo qoondeeyey taallo abuuray by sculptor ka taagan Lithuanian Gediminas Jokubonis. Waa column daahir cad dhagax adag kaalinta taaj xiddigaha dahabka. version Lithuanian ee xarunta of World Old kaliya ee ku jira Guinness Book of Records.

Hungary, Estonia

Sanadkii 1992, waxaa la fuliyaa weli aragti kale, iyadoo ay sabab u taasoo waxaa la sheegay in xarunta of Europe waa in Hungary, in tuulada Tully barta 48 ° 14 's. w., 21 ° 13 'ee. d. Waxa kale oo la dhisay calaamad xusuus.

Inta badan cabbirka uusan ka mid ah dhulka ka mid ah jasiiradaha yaryar Yurub ka tirsan dalalka Yurub. Haddii aan ka fiirsan reer Portugal jasiiradaha Azores ee Atlantic, Franz Josef Land ee Arctic Ocean, Kereetee iyo Iceland, waxaa soo baxday in xarunta of Europe waxaa ku taal jasiirada Saaremaa, galbeedka Estonia. Degmada degaanka ayaa isku dayaya inuu tijaabiyo xisaabinta iyo abaabulo tuulada Monnuste, oo ku yaalla dhow barta 58 ° 18'14 "M. p., 22 ° 16'44" in. e., zone dalxiiska ee heegan u ah hortiisa this.

Polotsk, Belarus

Bilowga ee qarnigii XXI waxaa la daabacay waxbarashada ee saynisyahano Belarus iyo A. Sulaymaan B. Anoshko. Waxay isticmaali barnaamij computer oo gaar ah, taas oo go'aan ka soo baxay ay wadataa ee juquraafi xarunta of Europe ku xiran yahay isku geynta gaar ah, ay sabab u tahay ka mid noqoshada ee dhulka ka mid ah our dunida degaanka ee goobaha gudaha iyo dibadda oo kala duwan ee buurta Ural sida ay xadka bariga.

Seynisyahanno ka tirsan machadka Ruush Central Research of Geodesy iyo Cartography xaqiijin saxnimada hab this, iyo saxnimada xisaabaha. Sida laga soo xigtay iyaga waxa ay u muuqataa in xaruntu ay juquraafi of World Old waa in Belarus, taasoo ah magaalada Polotsk, oo uu leeyahay isku duwaha 55 ° 30'0 "p M., 28 ° 48'0." In. d. taallo yar oo leh magacaabista ah calaamad markan waxaa la furay bishii May 2008.

In view of isbedelka siyaasadeed

Waxaa la aaminsan yahay in ay lagama maarmaan tahay si ay u xisaabiso this dhibic weyn oo keliya ee dalalka xubin ka mid ah Yurub Midowga. Marka la eego in ay isbedesho tirada dalalka ka tirsan ururka this, siday u kala horreeyaan, guuro barta fakaray, beddelo xarunta miyiga iyo magaalooyinka ee Europe.

Faransiis National Institute Geographic (IGN) tan iyo 1987-kii, qabsada shaqada this ku xiran tahay isbeddel ah ee tirada dalalka ka baxsan EU-da :

• 12 dal (1987) - tuulada Saint-Andre-le-Coq ee gobollada dhexe ee France, ka dib markii loo keeno ee Germany (1990) u guuray 25 km si ay u waqooyi bari, magaalada yar Nuarete.
• 15 dal (2004) - viroinval magaalada, Belgium.
• 25-goboleedyada (2007) - tuulo Klyaynmayshayd, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
• 27 dal (2007) - ka dib markii goysiga ah ee Romania iyo Bulgaria - oo u dhow magaalada Geynhauzena, Hessen, Germany.
• 28 dal (2013) - afartan kiiloomitir Frankfurt, halkaas oo xarunta ah ee bangiga dhexe ee Yurub, iyo xataa calaamad.