Evgeny Charushin: sawir gacmeedka, shaqada, rinjiyeynta, sawir

Wax-soo-saarka Yevgeny Charushin, oo ah bini-aadannimo, naxariis badan, waxay jecel yihiin dhowr jiil oo ka mid ah akhristayaasha da'da yar, waxay baraan carruurta inay jecel yihiin adduunyadda qadiimka ah ee shimbiraha iyo xayawaanka.

Charushin Evgeny Ivanovich, oo buugiisa lagu soo bandhigay maqaalkan, waa sawir gacmeed iyo qoraa. Sanadihii noloshiisa - 1901-1965. Oktoobar 29, 1901-dii Vyatka wuxuu ku dhashay Evgeny Charushin. Sawirka waxaa lagu soo bandhigay hoos.

Eugene Ivanovich aabihiis - Charushin Ivan Apollonovich - dhismaha gobolka, mid ka mid ah dhismayaasha ugu fiican ee Ural. In ka badan 300 oo dhismo oo ku yaal Izhevsk, Sarapul, Vyatka ayaa la dhisay mashaariiciisa. Sida mid kasta oo dhismaha ah, wuxuu ahaa xirfadlaha wanaagsan. Aad ugu faraxsanaa qoyska reer Ivan Apollonovich. Guriga dhexdiisa badanaa wuxuu soo ururiyay farshaxan, muusik. Waalidku waxay la carruurnimada ina Ruhbaaniyad jacaylka ah ee dabiiciga ah.

Charushin ee buugga jecel

Yevgeny wuxuu jecel yahay akhrinta buugagta ku saabsan walaalaha yaryar. AE Brem's Life Animal waxaa loogu talagalay isaga oo ah kan ugu qaalisan uguna jecel. Wuxuu dib u akhriyaa noloshiisa oo dhan. Xaqiiqda ah in fanaaniinta casriga ahi muujiyay shimbiro iyo xayawaanno badan, waxaa jira saameyn weyn oo ah saamiga Brem. Charushin wuxuu bilaabay inuu hore u rito. Fannaanka bilawga ah wuxuu tagay aqoon isweydaarsi leh oo ku dhow, ama wuxuu daawaday xayawaanka guriga.

"Sopohud"

Da'da 14 jirka ah iyo saaxiibbadiis waxay abaabuleen isbahaysiga farshaxanka iyo gabayaaga "Sopohud". Eugene oo da'diisu yar tahay ayaa rabay inuu qabsado waxa uu arkay si loo ilaaliyo aduunyada isbedelaya. Oo waxay u soo noqdeen inay badbaadaan. Eugene Ivanovich ayaa sheegay in farshaxanku uu ku dhashay isaga oo ka hor qoraaga. Wax yar ka dib waxay yimaadeen ereyada saxda ah.

Ka shaqeeya Waaxda Siyaasadda ee Shaqaalaha, wax ka baraan Akademiyada Fanka

Sanadkii 1918, Yevgeny Charushin waxay ka qalinjabisay dugsiga sare ee Vyatka. Oo isna wuxuu u bartay la Yuri Vasnetsov. Dabadeed Yevgeny Ivanovich ayaa loo qoondeeyey ciidanka. Halkan waxa uu go'aansaday inuu isticmaalo "xirfadle" - oo ah kaaliye-ku-xigeen oo lagu magacaabo Waaxda Siyaasadda ee xarunta. Kadib markii uu shaqeynayay afartan sanno, qiyaastii dagaalkii sokeeye oo dhan, Yevgeny Ivanovich ayaa ku soo laabtay gurigeeda kaliya 1922-kii.

Waxa uu go'aansaday inuu wax ka barto farshaxanka. Xilliga jiilaalka ayaan wax ka bartay aqoon-isweydaarsiyada guddiga Vuurka Gubernia, isla sannadkaas, xilliga dayrta, waxaan galay VKHUTEIN (Akademiga Akademiga ee Petrograd), oo loo yaqaan 'Faculty of Painting'. Muddo shan sano ah Yevgeny Charushin wuxuu ka shaqeeyey halkan, laga bilaabo 1922 ilaa 1927. Macallimiintiisu waxay ahaayeen A. Karaev, M. Matyushin, A. Savinov, A. Rylov. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, markii Yevgeny Ivanovich dib loo soo celiyay, kuwani waxay ahaayeen sanadihii ugu da 'weynaa ee isaga. Charushin ayaan xiiseyneynin in la helo erey cusub oo rinjiga, iyo sidoo kale sawir-qaadista. Aad bay u fiicnaayeen in ay tagaan suuqa shimbiraha ama xayawaanka. Farshaxanka dhallinyarada ee wakhtigaas ayaa jeclaa inuu dharka u labisto. Sida laga soo xigtay-qorka ee Valentina Kurdova, uu saaxiib dhow, ayuu u tegey sharabaadada midabo iyo sharaabaad, oo xiran a hat Deerada-Boora ah iyo midabyo badiso dhogorta ah eey jubbadda gaaban.

Socdaalka, ka shaqeeya Laybareeriga Daabacaadda ee Gobolka

Ka faa'iideysiga talo-bixinta V. Bianchi, 1924-kii, Yevgeny Charushin wuxuu aaday Altai safar xiiso leh Valentin Kurdov iyo Nikolai Kostrov.

Sanadkii 1926kii Charushin wuxuu ka shaqeynayay Leningrad State Publishing House, waaxda carruurta, oo uu madax ka ahaa Vladimir Lebedev, oo ah fanaan caan ah. Ka hor inta farshaxanada sanadihii la soo dhaafay waxaa loo xilsaaray in ay abuuraan dadka dhalinyarada ah ee Soofiyeetigga ah si macquul ah oo buugaag cusub, farshaxan aad u sarreeya, laakiin isla wakhtigaas, xog iyo wargelin. Lebedev wuxuu jecel yahay xayawaanka rinjiga ah ee Charushin, wuxuuna bilaabay inuu taageero si kasta oo suurtagal ah u raadiyo hal abuur.

Wada shaqeynta joornaalada, sawirada koowaad ee buugaagta

Evgeni Ivanovich wakhtigaasi (tan iyo 1924) horeba wuxuu ka shaqeyn jiray Murzilka, joornaal carruur ah. Wax yar ka dib wuxuu bilaabay inuu ka shaqeeyo "Ezhe" (laga bilaabo 1928 ilaa 1935) iyo "Chizh" (laga bilaabo 1930 ilaa 1941). Evgeny Charushin wuxuu amarkiisii ugu horeeyay ka helay Leningrad State Publishing House sanadkii 1928 - si uu u soo saaro sheekada "Murzuk" by V. V. Bianchi. Buugii ugu horreeyay ee sawirkiisa wuxuu soo jiitay dareenka dhalinyarada akhriska iyo qoraallada sawirrada. Muuqaal laga soo xigtay ayaa waxaa soo iibsaday State Tretyakov Gallery lafteeda.

Charushin 1929 waxaa lagu soo bandhigay dhowr buugag oo dheeraad ah: "Shimbiraha Free", "Wild Beasts", "Sidee baa caado u noqotay". Hawlahaas, Evgenii Charushin ee xirfad aan caadi aheyn oo lagu wareejiyay caadooyinka xayawaanka ayaa la arkay si buuxda. Dharbaaxo yar yar bayna fadhiyeen, oo waxay ku fadhiisteen mid magiciisa la odhan jiray; Ciriiri cirib ah oo ku saabsan leck lafta; Dareemo duurjoogta ah, oo ku wareegaya ilmo ... Dhamaan waxyaalahan iyo kuwo kale oo badan ayaa rinjiyeyn muujinaya, si qaylo leh, laakiin waqti isku mid ah oo si xishood leh. Farshaxanka, oo abuuraya muuqaal ah xayawaan, wuxuu awooday inuu aqoonsado sifooyinka ugu muhiimsan, dabeecadaha.

Sheekooyinka ugu horeeya ee Eugene Charushin

Sawirro badan ayaa waxaa sameeyay Evgeny Charushin. Shaqooyinka Bianchi, iyo sidoo kale S. Yaar Marshak, MM Prishvin iyo qorayaal kale oo caan ah oo sawirkiisa soo jiitay ayaa soo jiitay akhristayaal badan. Isla mar ahaantaana, Marshak wuxuu ku adkaystay, inuu isku dayay inuu abuuro sheekooyin yar oo carruur ah oo ku saabsan nolosha xoolaha. Sheekadiisa kowaad wuxuu u muuqday 1930 ("Schur"). Horeba shaqadan waxay muujisay ma aha oo kaliya aqoon fiican oo ka mid ah jilayaasha xayawaanka kala duwan, laakiin sidoo kale dareen ah hami. Dhammaan sheekooyinka kale ee Yevgeny Ivanovich, waxaa sidoo kale jira xajmiga, marmarka qaarkood khafiif ah, mararka qaar wax yar oo macquul ah, ka dibna si naxariis leh u daalaan qosolka. Charushin Evgeny Ivanovich waa sawir iyo qoraa oo raadsaday in ay fahmaan xayawaanka, wejigooda iyo dhaqdhaqaaqooda. Qibrada la ururiyey waxay ka caawisay inuu u gudbiyo ereyada iyo sawirrada. Xaqiiqdii abuurtay Eugene Ivanovich, ma jirto wax qallafsan - xayawaanka marwalba waxay sameeyaan waxa iyaga u gaar ah.

Buugaag cusub Charushin iyo sawirro iyaga u gaar ah

Charushin Evgeny Ivanovich, oo sawiradooda si fiican loo yaqaan wakhtigaasi, waxay bilaabeen inay sawiraan muuqaalkiisa: "Beeraha kala duwan" (1930), "Volchishko iyo kuwo kale", "Nikita iyo saaxiibadiisa", "About Tomku", " Weyn iyo yarba "," Zoology "," Vasas "," Bear Bears "," About magpie ", iwm. Hase yeeshee, tani waxay noqotay mid aad u adag, sababtoo ah, sida uu Yevgeny Ivanovich isu ahaa, way u fududayd inuu tusayo ereyada kale ee dadka Waxay u gaar ah. 1930kii, Charushin waxaa loo aqoonsaday mid ka mid ah fannaaniinta ugu fiican ee ku takhasusay buugaagta carruurta. Waqtigaas, naqshadiisu waxay horey u samaysay jihada goonida ah farshaxanka. Ku saabsan sheekooyinka Charushin si diirran ugu jawaabay M. Gorky. Ka shaqeynta midabka ama farsamo monochrome rajiyeynta, Evgeny mid firfircoon kaalinta fudud leydin deegaanka dhul dhan. Sheekooyinka uu ku saabsan xayawaanku waa qarsoodi iyo lexical.

In badan oo ku saabsan abuuritaanka Charushin

Ixtiraam weyn, Charushin wuxuu la dhaqmay akhristayaashiisa. Waxa uu ku faraxsanaa in xayawaanka ay xayawaanku aysan raali ka ahayn tifaftirayaasha iyo kuwa naqdiya, laakiin caruurta. Iyadoo la tixgelinayo buugaagta Charushin, mid ayaa si ammaan ah u sheegi karta in sawirada iyo qoraallada labaduba ay ka turjumaan dunida oo dhan, oo ah hal abuurka hal abuurka ah ee abuurahooda. Sawirada iyo sheekooyinka waa kuwo wacyi gelin ah, xaqiiqda ah, adag oo la fahmi karo qof kasta, xitaa ilmo yar. In "Nestlings" ururinta (1930), oo ka kooban sheekooyin gaaban oo ku saabsan Owls, Korostelyat, Ryabchaty, Eugene Charushin si xirfad leh u tilmaamaya sifooyinka ugu xiisaha badan iyo xusuusta jilayaasha.

Charushin ayaa ogaa caadooyinka xayawaanka ah. Sheekooyinka, wuxuu ku tusay dabeecad aan caadi aheyn oo sax ah. Mid kasta oo ka mid ah sawirkiisa waa shakhsi, mid kasta oo ka mid ah dabeecaddiisa ayaa lagu sawiray dabeecad gaar ah, taas oo u dhiganta tan ama xaaladdan. Charushin si masuuliyad leh ayaa loo xallilay dhibaatadan. Wuxuu sheegay in haddii aysan jirin image, ma jirto wax sawir ah. Xayawaanka Charushinsky waa dareen, taabasho. Goobta iyo bay'ada ayaa si fudud loo soo koobay buugiisa hore. Waxyaabaha ugu muhiimsan - si ay u muujiyaan xayawaanka ku dhow, iyada oo uunan abuurin muuqaal farshaxan, laakiin sidoo kale in lagu muujiyo geesiga sida ugu macquulsan. Evgeni Ivanovich ma jeclayn xayawaanka xun ee laga soo xigtay aragtida biology. Waxa kale oo uu rumaysan yahay in sawirada buugagta carruurta ay tahay inay neefsadaan, noolaadaan. Eugene Charushin ma jecla Ivan Bilibin, isaga oo rumaysan in uusan sawir lahayn, laakiin rinjiyeynta kuwa dhintay, qabow qabow.

Inta badan textures, sawir ah ee sawirada xayawaanka Charushin waxaa la sameeyey, kaas oo si fiican u gudbiyo dhogorta bahalka, baadad shimbir. Abuur farshaxan ahaan sawirka, sawirada adag waxay kuugu fiicnaadeen farsamada lithography. Badanaa, farshaxanku wuxuu isticmaalaa midabyo dabiici ah Ma uusan aqoonsan qawaaniinta iyo qawaaniinta lithographic, si khaas ah u keenaan qalin, dhagxaan dhagxaanta lithographic leh sirfir iyo irbad. Marar badan Eugene Ivanovich ayaa xiran kara qaybaha aan soo saarin sawirka ama ay ku daboolaan cadaan.

Qiyaastii 20 buug ayaa la abuuray xilligii dagaalkii Eugene Charushin. Bariistiisa waxa lagu calaamadeeyay muuqaalka shaqooyinka soo socda: 1930 - "Chicks"; 1931 - "Volchishko iyo kuwo kale", "Chicken City", "Oblava", "Jungle - garden of the garden"; ee 1935 - "Xayawaanka wadamada kulaylaha." Isla mar ahaantaana, wuxuu sii waday inuu sawirro qorayaasha sida S. Ya. Marshak, VV Bianki, MM Prishvin, AI Vvedensky.

Sanad millatari

Charushin intii lagu jiray dagaalkii ayaa laga qaxay Leningrad ilaa Kirov (Vyatka), oo ku taal guriga. Halkan waxa uu abuuray rinjiyeyn ku saabsan mawduucyada guerrilla, sawir qaadayaasha, soo bandhigay bandhigyo, rinji derbiyada xannaanooyinka iyo foornada aqalka carruurta iyo ardayda, baray carada caruurta.

Charushin Evgeniy Ivanovich: taariikhda gaaban ee sanadaha ka dambeeya dagaalka

Fannaanka ayaa ku soo laabtay Leningrad 1945. Ka sokow inuu ka shaqeynayo buugaag, wuxuu bilaabay inuu abuuro taxadar fara badan oo lagu sawirayo xayawaanka. Charushin waxaa lagu qaaday xayawaanka xitaa ka hor dagaalkii. Waxa uu rinjiyeeyay shaahaalo, ka dibna, horey loogu jiray nabadgelyo, waxa uu abuuray tirooyin xayawaan ah oo ka yimid foorno iyo xitaa dhammaan kooxaha qurxinta. Waxa uu isku dayay si ka duwan sidii loo abuuri lahaa buugaag loogu talagalay carruurta. Sawirada Charushin, aragtidu waxay bilowday inay muuqato, bannaanbaxu wuxuu bilaabmaa in loo magacaabo. Farsamada ayaa sidoo kale isbeddelay: wuxuu bilaabay inuu la shaqeeyo biyo-biyood iyo gogol-xaarnimo, laakiin ma aheyn fara-xeedyo ballaaran, laakiin si taxaddar leh uga shaqeyn faahfaahin yar. Sanadkii 1945, Charushin wuxuu ku guuleystay abaalmarinta sanadka ee RSFSR.

Sawirkii ugu danbeeyay ee uu ku muujiyay "Babes waa qalab" Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak. Shaqada Charushina maanta ayaa lagu turjumey luuqado badan oo ka mid ah dadyowgii hore ee USSR, iyo sidoo kale dhowr dal oo ajnabi ah. Sawirada, sawirrada, buugaagta, sawirada foornada ayaa lagu soo bandhigay bandhigyo Paris, London, Sofia. Tirada guud ee buugaagta Yevgeny Charushin ayaa ka badan 60 milyan oo nuqul.

February 18, 1965 ee Leningrad, Eugene Charushin ayaa dhintay. Waxaa lagu aasay qabuuraha Bogoslovsky.