Dhismaha lysosomes iyo doorka ay ku shiid gacanta

unugyada la oran karo waa sida dhismeedka nool ultramicroscopic, cilmiga la sifooyinka soo jireenka ah ee jirka ku jira oo dhan. xubno gacanta u yeedhay organelles, qabtaan shaqo ee neefsashada, taranka, go'doomin, dheefshiidka. Lysosomes - mid ka mid ah noocyada kala duwan ee organelles. Waxay yihiin dhismayaasha odnomembrannym iyo hawlaha gaarka ah ee la xiriira dheefshiidka ee walxaha iyo xubno cell oo dhan cytoplasm ah. In warqad this waxaan ku baran qaabka lysosomes una sharax doorka ay hab-nololeedka ee unugyada.

Sida organelles sameeyay

Wakiil vacuoles odnomembrannye la falgalka dheefshiidka ka buuxsamay, lysosomes loo sameeyay in taangiyada Golgi adag oo waxaa lagu magacaabaa hoose. channels ay baxdo mishiinka ee cytoplasm gacanta. Marka lysosomes waxyeello bilaabi cytostructure si uu u nuugo ama dumin arrinta organic, ay helaan magac sare.

organelles Kuwan waxaa ka buuxsamay xal of falgalka awood cholesterol ee u taagoo carbohydrate, glycolipids iyo borotiinada. Taasi lysosomes sare oo ay ku jiraan walxaha bayoloji firfircoon sida sida proteases, lipases iyo sulfurylase. The internals of organelle uu leeyahay in ka yar 7 pH, tan iyo falgalka kor ku xusan si firfircoon uga dhex jawi acid. Organelles awood u endocytosis ama pinocytosis. lysosomes Formation badan ku xiran tahay ku borotiinada gaar ah qol la aasaasay oo ku saabsan channels of granular reticulum endoplasmic.

Walxaha kiimikada ah ee qaab-dhismeedka furta oo lysosomes

Sii inaad wax ka barato dabeecadaha lysosomes, tixgelin dhab ahaan waxa walxaha sameeyaan deegaanka gudaha. adag Insaymkaas ka kooban yahay kuwa ugu muhiimsan waxay kala yihiin: phosphorylase (Cuskada acids amino), glucosidase (falalka on glucose, cellulose, noqde) iyo (dufanka dammaanad-kelli baabba ', steroids) lipase.

xuub organelle waa adkaysi u ah falgalka kor ku xusan. Xaaladaha qaarkood, waxa uu noqonayaa mid u nugul in ay talaabo taas oo horseedaysa autolysis, - is-diridda of xuub, si walxaha dagaal badan furta shubay cytoplasm gacanta. Tani waxay keenaysaa in ay is-dheefshiidka.

function organelle

Waxa si fiican loo yaqaan geedi socodka sida ay muhiim in reactions dheefshiidka u qaadida asturidda qalabka qashinka ama qaybo ka mid ah qaab-dhismeedka gacanta, sida mitochondria jir ah, ribosomes. dhaqdhaqaaqa High enzymatic of organelles arkay in unugyada kuwa, loo yaqaan phagocytic. Waxaa kor dhismeedka of habka difaaca jirka oo dhan: basophils, macrophages, neutrophils, limfosaytis B. lysosomes Primary unugyada kuwa ku filan oo waaweyn (ilaa 0.5 microns). Waxaa ku jira ensaymes sida ribonuclease, protease, DNase. Qaab dhismeedka noocan oo kale ah waxaa lagu sharaxay sida soo socota: unugyada awood phagocytosis, dhegay horrayn bakteeriyada iyo Qurub virus ka kooban borotiinka iyo acids ribonucleic.

hab xiiso leh oo bixiya organelles hawl proteolytic. Qurub Dibadda ama u taagoo waxaa hore u xanniban vacuole. Iyada oo u Galiyo lysosome aasaasiga ah, taas oo soo bandhigtay ensaymes hydrolytic. Haddaba organelle this loo yaqaan sare lysosome ay bilowdey in si firfircoon u dheefshiido heshay wax furta. badeecada cholesterol sii waajihi galay unugyada hyaloplasm iyo hadhaagii nuxurrada u kaydiyaa organelles, oo hadda loo yaqaan unugyada haraaga ah gudahood. Dhismaha kor ku xusan oo ka mid ah lysosomes noocyo kala duwan ah oo uu sharaxayaa hawlaha ugu muhiimsan ee ka mid ah qaab-dhismeedka gacanta.

Doorka organelles in reactions dheefshiidka ee jirka aadanaha

Haddii ensaymes in lysosomes soo saaray ku filan, waxa jira yaraan iyaga ka mid ah, taas oo horseedaysa in ay cudurro daran dhaxlo, sida leukodystrophy metachromatic. Dhismaha lysosomes in cudurada this aan caadi ahayn. In ay furta la la'yahay ama waa in an firfircoonayn sulfatase gobolka - oo jiidhi cerebrosides ensaymes. Sida waxyaabaha shiid in unugyada unugyada neerfaha, waa in la tuuraa, laakiin la'aanta ah ee falgalka ku haboon keenaysaa in raasamaal oo ka mid ah xeryaha ku neuroglia iyo hyaloplasm ku neurocytes. Taasina waxay keentaa in sumoobo in unugyada neerfaha manidu maskaxda iyo laf-dhabarta. Sidaas darteed - horumarinta cilladaha jidheed iyo dhimaal maskaxeed.

Sayidka, odnomembrannye organelle mas'uul ka dheefshiidka ee walxaha, ka ciyaaraan door aad u muhiim ah Dheef-cell. In shaqo this aan ku bartay qaabka lysosomes, waxaannu aragnay in doorka iyo qiimaha hawlaha gacanta iyo jirka oo dhan aadanaha oo dhan.