Dadyowgii hore ee Russia. History of dadyowga gobolka iyo Ruushka

dadyowgii hore ee Russia bilaabay inuu dalalkan u dejinta iyo obzhivanie dheer ka hor u kaca ee qarannimada. Taasi waa sababta ugu horeysay oo Grand Duke of Russia - Rurik - dhigay tiro aad u badan oo ah dadaal si ay u abuuraan xaalad hal, hooyada quruumo badan.

The isku day marka hore inaad wax ka barato ee dadkii hore

feature ugu weyn ee baadhitaanka dadka Slavic waa in ay jirto a dhaqdhaqaaqa driving joogtada ah ee xiriirka u dhexeeya qowmiyadaha. Maxay ka dhigan tahay? Baro dadka aasaasiga ah ee Russia, waxaa muhiim ah in guud u baaro arrinta. Tusaale ahaan, oo diiradda saaraya dadka degan gobolka Central, waa in aad lacag bixisid si aad dhalasho ee Yurubta Bari iyo Siberia dareenka.

Dhammaan waxbarashada ee nidaamka pre-kacaan ayaa diiradda lagu saaray dadka Ruush hal. Saamaynta ay ku quruumaha kale, haddii aan laga saaray sayniska, si dadban u soo sheegnay, laakiin ma aha sida su'aal keentay, laakiin kaliya sida rasmi ahaan ah. Xaqiiqada ah oo keliya si rasmi ah loo aqoonsan yahay waa in si tartiib tartiib ah ku shubtay qabiilooyinka Finno-Ugric, dadka in Russia.

Kaliya ee horrantii qarnigii labaatanaad, Russia bilaabay in la arko sida gobolka taariikh ahaan multi-qowmiyadeed. Waxaad ma ay qarin karin xaqiiqda ah in gabagabada sida lagu sameeyey sarkhaansan saynisyahano Yurub. Waqti ka, waxay bilaabeen inay u daabacaan shuqullada qorayaasha Orthodox, isagoo u sheegay in dadka reer Russia ayaa lagu sarkhaansan yihiin asal kitaabiga ah ee qadiimiga ah horumarinta. "Dadka Ruush - dadka leh aqoonsi rabbaaniga ah ee asal ahaan qadiimiga Kyivan" - fasiraa sida sheekada ka mid ah hoggaamiyayaasha kiniisadda - A. Nechvolodov. Waayo, isagu wuxuu tixgeliyaa formation of Scythians ah, Huns iyo dadyow kale si gooni gooni ah ee jira.

Waxa ay ahayd in qarnigii labaatanaad, waxaa jiray isbedel ah oo fikirka ah taariikhiga ah, sida aragtida ah Eurasian.

asal ahaan Folk: sidee ayay kuu ahaa?

Dhowr qarniyo ka hor xilligii Christian halkaas ahayd dhacdo taariikhi ah oo weyn, birta uu bilaabo inuu si firfircoon loo isticmaalaa halkii naxaas ah. ore baahsan bir siiyey oo keliya ma aha wax caadi ahaan loo isticmaalo cayriin, laakiin sidoo kale xoogga xabbadood macmalay.

Muddadan jiro qaboojinta tartiib tartiib ah ee cimilada, oo ay la socdaan kororka xaddiga dhul beerashada, wanaagsan loogu talagalay meelaha xannaanada xoolaha, kala duwan waxqabadka of sheyga kaas oo marka la eego meel biyaha, taas oo uu leeyahay saamayn togan ku kooban oo webi, harooyinka, durdurrada iyo wixii la mid ah.

Iyada oo agaa of iron ore dadyowga qadiimiga ah ee Russia bilaabay dhinaca horumarinta firfircoon. qabiilooyinka tirada isticmaalaya birta sida wax salka. Muddadan, lagu gartaa hore Ruush-dejinta awowayaashiis, oo ka mid ah Slavic dadka, Latvians, Istooniyaan, Lithuanians, qabiilooyinka Finno-Ugric waqooyi-bari, iyo sidoo kale bulshooyinka kale ee yar yar in meel bannaan oo ku yaala bartamaha Russia iyo Bariga Yurub deggan yahay.

«Kacaanka Iron" ayaa soo sara kiciyey heerka beeraha, ayaa la dedejiyey banaanka kaymaha for beeraha, si sahlan ku ingaga shaqada beerta culus. The dadyowga hore ee Russia, oo magacyadoodiina waa aan la aqoon in ay taariikhda, si tartiib ah u bilaabay si ay u muujiyaan sifooyinka kala duwan ee mass guud ee dadweynaha. Formation of quruun kasta waxaa saameeya osodlosti, horumarinta xannaanada xoolaha iyo beeraha. Waxaa intaa dheer, gelida dhinac kala duwan ee dunida, dadka Slavic maray deriska xirfadaha luqadda qalaad qoyska - Meryam, Chud, Karelia, iyo wixii la mid ah. Dhab ahaantii waxa uu sharaxayaa tiro badan oo ah eray asal ahaan Slavic Istooniyaan, la xiriira theme beeraha.

dejinta ugu horeysay ee

The prototypes ugu horeeyay ee magaalooyinka, halkaas oo ay ku noolaayeen oo la sameeyey iyo quruumaha iyo gobolka ugu da'da weyn Ruush, jiraye ee BC ugu horeysay Millennium. Baaxaa A la mid ah ayaa lagu arkay Waqooyiga Yurub, iyo in Urals ah - dejinta a xadka muuqaal ah dadyowga Slavic.

expanses kaynta ningax ka qayb qaatay burburinta qaab nololeedka bulshada qabiil. Haddaba dadkii hore ee Russia ku nool Daar ama adag, taas oo si weyn u wiiqay qaraabonimo mar beesha weyn oo xoog leh. Tartiib tartiib qasbay dejinta dadyowga inuu ka tago meesha isaga rugta u ah, oo si tartiib ah u guurto in jihada koonfur-bari. Daar tagay ayaa lagu magacaabay magaalooyinka. Thanks to degsiimooyinka iyo dhismayaasha sida, taariikhda Russia wakhtiga hore ayaa xaqiiqooyin badan oo cilmiga sayniska. saynisyahano hadda xukumi kara nolosha maalin kasta ee dadka, korriinkooda, waxbarashada iyo shaqada. In ka maalmood ee magaalooyinka dhismaha ay jiraan calaamadaha ugu horeeya ee stratification bulshada.

Jirey Slavic sida qowmiyadaha kala duwan

saynisyahano badan yihiin ee ra'yi ah in Slavs ee inta badan ay yihiin asal Indo-Yurub. Sidaas darteed, dadka ugu qadiimiga ah ee Russia asal ahaan deggan yahay ma ahan oo keliya dhulka ay dawladda casriga ah, laakiin sidoo kale qayb weyn oo ka mid ah Yurubta Bari iyo wadamada koonfurta ilaa Hindiya oo casri ah.

asal guud ee quruumaha dhowr siinayaa luqadaha caadi ah oo casri ah. Inkastoo bilowgii kala duwan ee horumarka, ee luuqadaha dalalka shisheeye deriska ah ka heli kartaa tiro badan oo la mid ah, gudahood macnaha iyo ku dhawaaqida erayada. Maanta arkaa in ay ka dhigan tahay ku Celtic, Germanic, Slavic, Roman, Indian, Iran, iyo qoysaska kale ee afka.

milmaan ee Slavs ah

Sida a qiraysaa asalkiisa ma badbaadaan dadka no. In muddada firfircoon degsiimooyinka Slav dhacay milmaan la qabiil deriska ah iyo bulshada.

On caddayn dheeraad ah ee taariikhda State of dhalashadiisa iyo dadyowga of Russia waa iska aamusay. Marka tan la eego, qarniyo badan, saynisyahano, madaxda Yimaadeen noocyo kala duwan oo fikradaha. Tusaale ahaan, taariikhqorihii ugu horeysay Nestor rumeysan yahay in dadka Slavic asal ahaan ku noolaa on soohdinta reer bariga iyo badhtamaha Europe, iyo sii kooxdan qowmiyadaha qaaday Danube weysada webiga waxaa ka Peninsula Balkan ah.

Seynisyahanno - wakiillo ka bourgeoisie u Yimaadeen aragti khalad in guriga ay isirka ee Slavs ah waa qayb yar oo ka mid ah dhulka ee Carpathians ah.

quruumaha Ruush kooban oo ku saabsan Slavs ah BC Millennium labaad

The nimankii ee qadiimiga Slavs rumeysan quruun ugu weyn taariikhda ee la soo dhaafay, hadda iyo mustaqbalka. Si times our ka yimaadeen xaqiiqada ah in dadka ka soo jeedo Slavic, waxaa la sameeyay sarkhaansan oo ka mid ah Antes, Veneti, geyoon ah, iyo wixii la mid ah.

Gariigba ah ayaa loo aqoonsaday dalka reer Slavs jidka soo socda: galbeed - in Elbe ah; ee waqooyiga - si ay badda bari, oo ku yaalla koonfurta - in wabiga Danube; bari - u Cuntada iyo Oka ah. Waxaa intaa dheer, ee qadiimiga ah ee Giriiga Socdaalba, aqoon yahanno iyo saynisyahano ayaa aan ku xaddidnayn xogta in. Sida laga soo xigtay iyaga, dadka Slavic ku nool Russia, degi karin fog koonfur-bari iyada oo aaga kaynta-steppe baaxad weyn iyo bacrin ah. Waa hab deggan nolosha ee kaymaha hodanka ah ee dalka, ugaarsiga iyo kalluumeysiga firfircoon, iyo geedo yaryar ururinta iyo nooca berry ahaayeen sababta is dhexgalka Slavs Sarmatians.

Sida laga soo xigtay Herodiyiintu, Bariga Yurub noolaa dadka loo yaqaan Scythians ah. Waa in la ogaadaa in, hoos qeexitaankan, si ay u fahmaan ma aha oo kaliya qabiilooyinka Slavic, laakiin sidoo kale kooxo kale oo badan oo qowmiyadeed.

Taajirka waqooyi-bari ee Europe?

dadyowgii hore ee Russia aysan ku koobnayn Xusidda dadka asal ahaan Slavic. tirada labaad ee ugu weyn ee qabiil iyo dib u dejinta gudaha xuduudaha gobolka ee group Lithuanian-Latvia haysto ee.

dadkan waxaa iska leh qabiilooyinka reer qoyska afka Finno-Ugric, oo Finns, Istooniyaan, Mari, Mordvins iyo wixii la mid ah. dadyowga aan tooska ahayn ee qaranka Russia ay ahaayeen isku mid ah ula qabiil Slavic ee nololeed. Waxaa intaa dheer, luqadaha la xiriira ayaa si firfircoon uga qayb qaatay in la xoojiyo bulshooyinka qowmiyadaha sheegnay.

feature A ee kala duwan ee Latvians iyo Lithuanians ahaa xaqiiqada ah in inta badan waqtiga iyo dareenka la siiyey faras afgembi badan beeraha. Isla mar ahaantaana waxaa la dhisay lagu kalsoonaan karo degsiimooyinka-degsiimo. Siidi ka sheekooyinka dadka safarka ah, Herodiyiintu yeedhay kooxda Lithuanian-Latvia Tissagets.

Baydka rus: Scythians iyo Sarmatians

Mid ka mid ah wakiilada yar ee qoyska afka Iran, kaliya wax raad ah taariikhda, waa Scythians iyo Sarmatians. Ajnabiga dadkan degan dhulka ka mid ah koonfurta Russia ilaa Altai.

bulshada reer Iskutees iyo Sarmatian leedahay Tilmaamo badan oo la mid ah la qabiilooyinka kale, laakiin marnaba ahaayeen bilowgii siyaasadeed hal. Xataa BC ee qarnigii shanaad gayiga qabiilooyinka degaya ee ka dhacay stratification bulshada, iyo sameeyay dagaalladii reer furasho. Scythians tartiib guulaystay qabiilooyinka Badda Madow, Safaro badan oo ay ka Balkans, Asia, Transcaucasia.

Warkii la yaab leh u tag maalka Scythians ah. The xabaalaha boqornimada rahan lacagta cajiib ah oo dahab ah. Sidaa darteed, waxaan raad karaan kuwo stratification xoog leh ee bulshada, sidoo kale xoogga fasalka aqoonyahanada dalka.

Dhab ahaantii xiiso leh waa in Scythians ayaa la qaybsan dhawr kooxood oo-qabiil. Tusaale ahaan, in bari dooxada ee Dnieper ku noolaa duwanaansho qowmiyadaha reer guuraaga ah, oo iyana, dhinaca galbeed ee webiga deggan ee Scythians-beeralayda. In koox gaar ah loo qoondeeyey Royal Scythians, safray dhexeeya Dnieper hoose Don. halkan oo keliya waxaad ka heli kartaa tuulmo aaska ugu taajirsan iyo dejinta si xoog leh deyr leh.

History of Russia wakhtiga hore ayaa sidoo kale waxay bixisaa a ururada la yaab leh oo firfircoon qabiilooyinka reer Iskutees-Sarmatian. Tartiib tartiib biirto sida siiyey kor u qaada gobolka nidaamka adoonka. gobolka ugu horreeyey ee in dhalashadiisa la asaasay qabiil Sindhi, kan kale - iyadoo ay sabab u Wars Thracian ah.

Dawladdu waxay ugu adag Iskutees la asaasay BC qarnigii saddexaad, waxa ay ahayd xarunta of Crimean ah. Meesha of Simferopol ku yaal furmi casriga ah ee halyeeyada - magaalada magaca quruxda badan ee Naples - caasimadda ah ee boqortooyada reer Iskutees. Waxay ahayd xarun awood badan, derbiyada dhagax deyr leh oo ku qalabeysan yahay kaydinta hadhuudh weyn.

Scythians labada ku hawlan beeraha, iyo in ay bixiyaan si ay qayb ka mid ah xannaanada xoolaha fiiro gaar ah. In BC ugu horeeyay ee qarnigii, qabiilooyinka si firfircoon horumariyo hawlaha farsamo ka mid ah. dhaqanka Bright oo aan caadi ahayn ee Scythians ayaa weli lagu bartay by saynisyahano-taariikhyahanadu. Tani waxay dadka siiyey immensity fikradaha for farshaxankiisa, farshaxan iyo curiyay kale farshaxanka. Si aad u taariikhda, matxafka xajiyey u eg yahay nolosha qadiimiga ah.

Waxaa jira fikir ah in qabiilooyinka reer Scythians ma ay gebi ahaanba ku qoysay off map-ka. Joogitaanka bulshada addoon ka mid ah dhibaatooyinka ugu waa wax iska cad, laakiin waa mid aad u sarreeya leh qabiilooyinka Slavic ee suurtagalnimada inay milmaan. Dhab ahaantii wuxuu sheegayaa asal ah erayadan oo badan oo afka casriga Ruush. Haddii Slavic baabbi'iyey "eyga", oo ay la socdaan ra'yi dhiibashada loo isticmaalo Scytho-Iran "eey"; Common Slavonic "wanaagsan" waxa uu u dhigmaa ee Iskutees-Sarmatian "wanaagsan" iyo wixii la mid ah.

Ma loo baahan yahay in la tixgeliyo Scythians toos ka soo farcamay oo ahaa dadkii Slavic, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ku eg yahay dhaqan cajiib ah qadiimiga weli la joogo.

xeebta Badda Madow: xididdada Greek

Nations in jirey gayiga oo ka mid ah xeebta Badda Madow, dhowr boqol oo ka hor inta aannu ka qabno qabtay ka kooxood burcad hubeysan Greek. Tobaneeyo sano waxaa yeelatay-goboleedyada magaalada dhaqanka Giriigga ee hore. Laabi xiriirka addoon.

Baydka Russia bartay tiro aad u badan oo waayo-aragnimo qiimo badan nolosha Greek. Gaar ahaan loo sameeyey in ay qayb ka this ee gobolka ahaayeen beeraha, qoynin oo kalluunka cusbayn, khamri, processing sarreen ah, oo ka yimid dalka reer Iskutees laga keeno. The faafinta iyo soo caan farsamada dhoobada. Intaa waxaa dheer, waayo-aragnimo ah ayaa laga hirgaliyay ganacsiga dalalka dibada. decoration Greek qiimo dhacday isticmaalka a boqorradii reer Iskutees oo la aqoonsan yahay oo ay la socdaan khayraadka gudaha.

City, la aasaasay on dhulka ee Giriigga magaalada-goboleedyada hore, ayaa ansixiyay heer sare ah dhaqanka dadka. kaniisadaha xad-dhaaf ah, tiyaatarada, farshaxan iyo farshaxankiisa lagu qurxiyey ah nolol maalmeedka dadka Gariigta. Tartiib tartiib, magaalada la qabiilooyinka reer Barbari, kuwaas oo, qaab daran oo ku filan, ay qadarin ku dhaqanka Giriigga ee hore, Dhawrista taxadiri tahay, iyo sidoo kale waxbarasho qoraaladii faylosuufiinta ka buuxsantay.

dadka Ruush Baydka: dadyowga Kingdom Bosporan ah

bilowgii Northern Black Sea Coast of horumarinta BC ee qarnigii shanaad. Halkan waxaa la aasaasay gobolka addoon weyn oo keliya ee hoos magaca Bosporus ah - Kerch casriga ah. hay'ad siyaasadeed Major socday qarniyo kaliya 9, ka dib markii taas oo BC ee qarnigii afraad, ayaa la burburiyay by Huns ah.

Hayeyna la dadyowga Greek of Sea Northern Black tartiib degeen on Kerch Peninsula ah, qeybaha hoose ee Don ah. Waxay qaateen iyo Peninsula Taman ah. horumarinta firfircoon ee dadka ku xusan qaybta bari ee gobolka, ka urur ee qabiilooyinka si tartiib tartiib ah ku abtirsan distinguished iyo aristocracy, kuwaas oo ku milmay wakiilada qani ku ah dadka Greek.

wadadii ugu horeeyay ee burburinta gobolka ahaa fallaago addoon hogaaminayo Savmak ah. Muddadan rus Baydka waxaa ka buuxsamay kala go'ida iyo kacdoonkii. Tartiib tartiib, gobolka Badda Madow ayaa si buuxda u qabsadeen by Getae iyo Sarmatians, oo ka dib ku dhawaad gabi ahaanba la burburiyay.

Formation of taariikhda Ruush hodanka ah ee Russia oo casri ah ayaa la ma saamayn oo kaliya dadka ku nool gobolka Bartamaha. Sidoo kale saameyn muhiim ah oo dalal kale. Si aad u taariikhda, ma suurtowdo in si sax ah lagu ogaado haddii Slavs ayaa lagu soo koraya dadka iyaga u gaar ah ama ay formation saamayn cid ka baxsan. su'aasha waxaa loogu tala galay in ay u oggolaadaan sayniska casriga ah taariikhiga ah.