Classicism: qeexidda. Classicism suugaanta

Classicism muuqday farshaxanka Yurub ee qarnigii 17aad. Waxa jiray, si joogto ah guuxayay, ilaa qarnigii 19aad. Inta lagu jiro mudada, ka jihada maray dhowr marxaladood:

• classicism Hore.
• classicism adag.
• classicism High (boqortooyadiisa).

Determination of naqshadaha classical markii hore ka walaacsan, laakiin markii danbe ay saameeyeen gudbikaraa oo ka mid ah suugaanta, rinjiyeynta, farshaxan iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa kale farshaxanka. Tani style ayaa badalaya pompous iyo pretentious Rococo iyo Empire, markeeda, waxaa bedelay eclecticism, xitaa ka sii badan oo jilicsan iyo mid fudud.

naqshadaha

Determination of naqshadaha classical sameeyey horrayn ku saleysan oo ka mid ah muuqaalada kala duwan ee design dhismayaasha, baahsanaanta ee xidhiidhada cad midabyo hodan iyo firfircoon, sida dahabka, casaan, buluug dhalaalaysa, oo cagaar ah, sumurud. Line in classicism kaalin muhiim ah. Waxay yihiin adag, soo noqnoqda ee quruxda leh xawaaraha gaar ah oo joogto ah, guriyo iyo xubno kale oo ka mid ah hannaanka symmetrical soo koobay.

Foomamka cad, bayaan ah, joomateri. aragti Guud oo ka mid ah dhismayaasha iyo xubno - waa xoog, xasiloonida, taariikhi, joomateri.

Muuqaaladan caan ku naqshadaha

Kala muuqaalada iyo xubno ka, kuwaas oo loo aqoonsan karaa in ay qaab-dhismeedka of this style: Bas-reliefs, medallions Looxul ah goobada, oo aan xad-dhaaf ah kakanaanta, qasac lagu rakibayaa on saqafka ah Sidaana. In design muuqaalka dhirta, iyo sidoo kale design ee terraces inta rotunda classical iyo giraarka. Tiirar waaweyn, non-siman. pilasters ma dhib badan oo aan aad u sayamina. Waxaa guud ahaan caan ku style ah - Qurxinta joojiyey oo dhexdhexaad ah. Inta badan waxaa jira Sidaana waxa on dhismayaasha ku xeeran iyaga iyo, beero iyo arrimaha gudaha. Qaababka la mid ah sababo ay ku qaraami yihiin. Tani waa macquul, in la siiyo qaabka classical koray out of meelaha gaarka ah ee Renaissance ah. Waayo sare classicism (Empire), kaas oo laga yaabaa in lagu uuraysan France inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada ee Napoleon aan, lagu gartaa military ujeedooyinkooda ee decoration, logos, Astaantooda oo kale Calaamooyinka amar.

The qeexidda ugu saxsan ee maaddo shuqullo badan oo injineero sida Claude Nicolas LeDoux, Inigo Dzhons, classical Andrea Palladio. The dhismayaasha ugu caadiga ah: Villa Rotonda, Osterley Park, maktabad caadooyinka van Fleming.

design

Determination of classicism in design ka soo saaray muuqaalada sifo hoos ku qoran. Midabada oo waaweyn: beige, caddaan, cawl. Lines u muuqdaan in ay si toos ah faasas badan, naqshado ubaxa. qaababka joomateri, xabadaha, laydiga, parallelepipeds. Inta badan waxaa jira porticos, tiirar, giraarka. daaqadaha waa laydi, kor elongated, dhuuban oo dheer. Albaabada ayaa sidoo kale qaab, cidhiidhi ah oo dhaadheer, in portal weyn, sida caadiga ah Gable. xubno caan - tiirar, farshaxan, friezes, yabban qadiimiga ah, spiers, tiirarka. muuqaalada kala - qaxri jireen, halleeyo lillaahinimada iyo xarrago dhan. Ku saleysan oo ka mid ah sifooyinka Waxaa horay u suurto gal ah in bixisaan ah qeexidda of style.

Classicism in design ka mid ah kuwa ugu buuxda u matalayay shuqullada Robert reer Scotland Adam, kuwaas oo, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay garanayn isaga arrin hanti, taas oo uu si joogta ah ayaa loo silcin uu saffarro la shaqayn jiray. Laakiin aristocracy waqtiga xiiso qaatay gudaha ay, kuwaas oo ficil ahaan ma liito ee buuqa iyo xarrago of Rococo. Adam mayo wax xubno in ciyaaro kaliya door bilicsanaanta, ma waday load kasta functional.

xubno ka design caadiga ah

Alaabta of this style gudaha High-tayo leh, raagaya iyo xaaladda, hubaal hadalka ku saabsan meel ka mid ah milkiilaha ee bulshada, laakiin ma aha "Dabayl" oo ku saabsan waxa ay. Waxaa la sameeyey oo ah qoryo wanaagsan. markii Parma ee gudaha oo dhan waxay ka mid yihiin. Caawitaanka la dhammayn naxaas ah ayaa noqday kuwa ugu caansan. Waxa uu noqday caan ah oo diiradda lagu saari doono ka sameysan qoryo, inta badan loo isticmaalaa darfaha xardhan iyo qobays ku saabsan waxyaabaha kala duwan oo ka mid ah alaabta guriga iyo derbiyada. The Qurxinta la sameeyey qaali alaabta, laakiin mid fudud ilaa xad. khadadka ayaa noqday dheeraad ah si toos ah, qaab - fudud. lugaha Furniture ahaayeen toos ah, dusha sare - dheeraad ah xataa. Difaan sidoo kale qaali ah: maro jilicsan, Satin. Inta badan waxay ku qurxiyey nidaamyada ubaxa. Chandeliers oo kulan nalalka ku haboon qeexidda classicism, weyn, laakiin qurxiyey murriyadihii crystal. gudaha waa wax badan oo galaas, muraayadaha, crystal, galaas.

suugaanta aduunka

Fransua De Malherbe noqonaysa tii ugu horreysay si aad u dalbato sifooyinka of style ee classical suugaanta ku. Go'aaminta jihada ee aagga this waxaa la siin karaa iyada oo ku saleysan Buzadag gabay, loogu talagalay by France caanka ah. Muddadan, ay ugu sarreysey gaareen noocyo hore sida nacaayo sida a sheeko, korhin iyo majaajilada. Ujeeddada ugu weyn ee shuqullada riwaayado of xilligii ahayd dagaalada u dhaxeeya dareenkooda hoose iyo waxay doonayeen shakhsiga iyo waajibaadka bulshada. Waayo, tiraab waa romanization caadiga ah, loo isticmaalo Saan ah.

Dhab ahaantii, milicsiga ah oo dhan fikrado wax Nuurin la'aantiis noqday classicism suugaanta. Qeexida waxa la siin karaa oo ku salaysan shuqullada Voltaire. Wuxuu u abuuray Eebe shuqullada in qiimaha muhiimka ah in ay ka dhigan tahay nin free la dareenkooda iyo khibradooda uu. mawduucyada Diinta markuu tagayu galay asalka. Waxaa intaa dheer, in shuqullada qaar ka mid ah, ayay xataa dhaleeceeyay.

Ujeedada suugaanta ee style this - horumar ah ee dunida, waxa la beddelo, waayo, si wanaagsan, Manhajkooda iyo habeynta iyadoo la raacayo sharciyada classical.

suugaanta Ruush

In suugaanta Ruush, classicism keenay Lomonosov. Waxa uu horumariyo aragtida ah "saddex Hababka", taas oo ahayd qabsashada ah xeerarka Malerba. Works in taam ah qeexidda classicism ee Ruush suugaanta abuuray Fonvizin, Kantemir, Lomonosov, Derzhavin oo sax ah.

Sida Yurub, classicism Ruush horumariyo sarkhaansan yihiin fikradaha kutub ah. Sinnaanta iyo caddaaladda bulshada marka hore la dhigay. Qofka aadanaha ayaa diiday sifooyinka gaarka ah iyo shaqsi, iyo wakiil ka go'an of sifooyinka joogta ah in gudashada wax Ciidamada bulshada ama mid Ruuxa raaca.

rinjiyeynta

Inta badan si buuxda u haboon oo hoos qeexid ah classical shaqada in this aagga - "The School of Athens" by Raphael. Waxaa si buuxda shaaca dhan sifooyinka of this fikirka in rinjiyeynta. At muhimka ah ee socodka halkan waa daraasad si toosa iyo habaynta shuqullada by fannaaniinta ah ee Renaissance ah. Abuur shuqullada mowduucyo classical: sida dhabta ah oo maalin kasta iyo mythological.

excavations lana caawiyay fannaaniinta si ay u bartaan abuurka oo qaraami ah oo dhab ah. Tani ayaa bedelay qeexidda classicism farshaxanka, neefsanaysay oo u galay neefta cusub. this ifafaale loo yaqaan neo-classicism in badan oo dalalka dunida.