Burgermeister - waa ... Waa maxay duqa: Qeexidda qiimaha iyo isticmaalka ereyga

Yuu yahay duqa? Qeexid ayaa dhowr macne. First of dhan, duqa - waa magaca jagada maamulka heystey madaxa maamulka degmada. Waxaa jira sharaxyo kale. Tusaale ahaan, waxaa jira nooc ka mid ah Serdan Cam ayaa la magacan.

Taariikhda erayga "Duqa"

Burgermeister - erayga Jarmal qalloocan Burgmeister, taas oo macno ahaan waxaa loola jeedaa "oo madax ka ah magaalada." horyaalka ee duqa ah muuqday Warega of qarniyadii XVI-XVII in qaar ka mid ah dalalka Yurub, kuwaas oo ahaa dhaqan sharci Germanic aqbali karo, Switzerland, Austria, Luxembourg, Denmark, Belgium, Germany, Hungary, dalalka Baltiga. Iyadoo macnaha erayga "Duqa" waxaa lagu qeexaa sida post a kaas oo uu qabtay madaxa dowladda hoose.

In Russia, maayarka iyo 60-mada ay qarnigii XIX ee la odhan jiray madaxa maamulka magaalooyinka. Tani sarkaalka la goostay by natiijada doorashada ee bulshooyinka magaalooyinka. Mayor loo doortay guddoomiye hall magaalada oo xaakinnadiina. Waxa uu weli bedelay "madaxa Zemsky." Magaalooyinka gobolka duqa tixgeliyo shaqaalaha rayidka ah ee fasalka sagaalaad, iyo magaalooyinka heer-gobol - fasalka tobnaad rasmi ah. xadka Class go'aamiso faa'iidooyinka oo duqa isticmaalo. Kuwaasu waxay ahaayeen inta badan kala duwan ee mushaharka iyo xaaladaha nolosha.

Doorashada Duqa fuliyay saddex sannadood oo kasta, iyo lacagta ay dayactir loo qoondeeyey ka dakhliga. shaqada dadaala sarkaalka this arkay shahaadada mudnaan, mushahar sare, sii daayo guriga degganaayeenna waxay wasaaradda joogitaanka billeting ka. Currently, oo dhan Jamhuuriyadda hore ee Soviet, magaca jagada noocan oo kale ah ayaa waxaa sii raagayaan ee Latvia. Jago "Duqa shaqal" jirta Riga.

Burgermeister ee Germany

Tusaale ahaan, aad u ogaato waxa duqa magaalada ee Germany: booska, horyaalka ama adminedinitsa tusaale ahaan ka mid ah Duqa magaalada Berlin (waxa uu sameeyo, waxa xilkiisa).

madaxa talada haya ee magaalada Berlin ayaa la doortay ma aha oo kaliya sida madaxa awoodda fulinta ee magaalada, laakiin sidoo kale anoo addoonkaaga ah madani ah, isku labada shaqo isku midka ah: duqa magaalada iyo Ra'iisul Wasaaraha oo ka mid ah Gobolka Berlin. Mayor hadda isku mar waa madaxa Dawladda Berlin ee (Senate).

By habka, ilaa iyo 1948 Duqa magaalada ee Germany la odhan jiray "Lord Mayor". qeexidda A of "Xukunka Duqa" - Magaca ah la siiyo by duqa German oo ka mid ah masuuliyiinta Soviet dagaalka ka dib. Dabcan, waxa uu u dhaqmeen si kaliya in dhulka GDR ah. In Germany, xilli noocan oo kale ah ma ahaa, maxaa yeelay, meeshaasu waxay lahayd saamayn dalalka reer galbeedka.

Waa maxay wakiil?

Haddii duqa - waa madaxa magaalada, wakiilkii - oo madax ka ah tuulada. In Russia, waxa laga yaabaa in sare tuulo, kormeeraa fulinta waajibaadka yaroow ay. Waxa kale oo ay leedahay si ay u ilaaliyaan si dalka.

Mararka qaarkood loo yaqaan wakiilkii qofka by nin oday reer u magacaabay si ay u maareeyaan estate uu. Inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Emperor Peter ah miis fadhiya iyo duqa - waa magac la mid ah sarkaalka beeray si loo xakameeyo magaalada oo u jideeyey, burmisterskoy town hall ama Chamber of Moscow. rasmi Tani waxa ay ahayd mas'uul ka ah meeleynta dhismayaasha, ay dib u dhiska, ururinta ilaha dhaqaale ee dhismaha cusub. Tan iyo markii uu la weydiiyey jiritaanka caasimadda ah ee calanka iyo awooda dagaal ee ciidamada gobolka.

Qeexidda casriga ah ee Duqa

Currently, duqa - Duqa magaalada ka mid ah magaalada, ku-simaha madaxa shaqaalaha. In gacmihiisa ku yahay, iyo laan oo dhan fulinta ee deegaanka gaar ah. In Russia, magaca jagada noocan oo kale ah ayaa waxaa go'an ka dib burburkii Soviet. Haddaba magaca this noqday rasmi ah.

Marka magaalada hartay doorashada taliyaha, doorashada duqa fuliyay oo ka mid ah ku xigeenadiisa, wakiillo ka socda Golaha Magaalada. Oo sidaas, Duqa cusub waa in jajab xigeenka.

jagooyinka la mid ah

Burgermeister - waa garsooraha ugu sarreeya degmada ee Germany iyo dalal badan oo Yurub ah. Laakiin waxaa jiray oo waxaa jira horyaal kale meel la mid ah oo madax ka ah dawladda magaalada.

• duqa - magaca ilaa haatan ka jira dalalka Balkan: Macedonia, Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro,
• Duqa - post gobolka ee rasmiga ah ee Ukraine, Russia, Estonia, ilaa 1918,
• headman - adeegaya magaalooyinka dalka Lithuania iyo Czech Republic,
• Madaxweynaha magaalada - magaca Polish ah duqa magaalada,
• madaxa maamulka magaalada - addoonkaaga sokeeye ee Russia iyo Kazakhstan,
• Head of degmada - madaxa magaalada ama tuulada ee Russia,
• Guddoomiyaha bulsho - Maareynta dowladda magaalada ee Albania.

qeexidda Buslhada

Maxay ka dhigan tahay in marka la eego duqa magaalada cilmi barasho xayawaan? Waa dhib in qof kasta waa ogyahay in tani ma aha oo kaliya unit ka mid ah maamulka, laakiin sidoo kale magaca a Brighton horjeeda weyn! Magaca Tani waxaa sabab u ah meel haadka tuulada, taas oo raasamaal ah shimbiraha loo yaqaan "rookeries". Halkan shimbir badeed "canshuurtiisii ka go'dayna waxay mas'uul ka" si ay isugu of deegaanada shimbir guureen qaab ukun iyo chicks. Meesha of qaybinta Brighton - gobollada kala horjeeda of America, Asia iyo Europe. shimbir degaanka - xeebaha dhagax, Dhuldhoobo xeebta, jasiiradaha Arctic ah.

Gebogebadii, waxaan la soco in qarnigii 20aad ee Moscow iyo St. Petersburg soo baxay qaamuusyo caadi ah oo daabacan oo ah erayo shisheeye inta badan la isticmaali ee luqada Ruushka. Sida laga soo xigtay in ay qeexidda, duqa - waa:

• "Shaqaale magaalada doortay fasalka baayacmushtariga joogitaanka Kiniisadaha Duma caadi on iyo baarista si loogu isticmaalo magaalooyinka oo u timaada";
• "Duqa Magaalada oo dhan magaalooyinka Jarmal",
• "Weydey ee magaalada sare ee maamulka magaalada."

Iyo duqa - waa eray in uu noqday mid aad loo jecel yahay sababta oo ah kala qadiimiga dhawaaqa. Waxaa magaca siiyey waxyaalaha ugu aan caadi ahayn, at jaleecada hore,. Iyada oo magac magaalada Lviv sida (Ukraine) ayaa furay cusub mini-warshad khamri, iyo Moscow, at Square Tiyaatarka ah, makhaayad biir ah "Duqa". magac la mid ah waa taliyihii fairyland Esgarot filimka cajiib ah "The Hobbit".